British Literature Exam - 1036 Words

IV. Question 2 Compare and contrast Milton’s Raphael with Pope’s Ariel in as many respects as you can. John Milton and Alexander Pope both write of supporting characters that are sent to protect the main character in their stories. Both Ariel and Raphael have many similar qualities that make them a character that is used to bring warning to the protagonist and to foreshadow to readers what the outcome of the story will be. Ariel is a sylph, or a magical being that was a coquette in his life before. Although this is distinctly different than Raphael’s identity as one of God’s angels, they share several qualities. Both are described as being very friendly and gentle. Ariel warns Belinda through a dream in attempt to protect her from the stealing of a lock of her hair. Raphael is sent to Eden to become friends with Adam and to warn him of the sin that is lying in wait for them. Both of these guardians are seeking protection for the human and desire for them to be kept from evil. They also try to relate to the humans. Ariel understands Belinda’s vanity and pride in he r appearance because he once was a coquette as well. He even assists in her thorough morning routine. Raphael is also able to relate to Adam through the discussion of love. Adam asks him about angel’s love lives and Raphael is able to understand Adam’s struggle to not idolize his love for Eve. Angels seem to have many qualities that are similar to Adam and Eve’s, which makes it very easy for Raphael toShow MoreRelatedBritish Literature : Final Exam1301 Words   |  6 PagesBritish Literature II - Final Exam British Literature is filled with diverse and talented writers who through each period has brought something new to the table. Over the course of the term we have covered the Romantic period, the Victorian Age and the Modern period. Each period has had a hand in developing literature through to the modern age and each writer has influenced the next generation. To best examine each period of literature the paper will be split amongst the three major periods the courseRead MoreBritish Literature : Final Exam1300 Words   |  6 PagesBritish Literature II - Final Exam British Literature is filled with diverse and talented writers who through each period has brought something new to the table. Over the course of the term we have covered the Romantic period, the Victorian Age and the Modern period. Each period has had a hand in developing literature through to the modern age and each writer has influenced the next generation. To best examine each period of literature the paper will be split amongst the three major periods theRead MoreImpact Of Postmodernism Theory On Education937 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents their own British values. This is because values are important for an individual’s culture and are important at school to demonstrate to the Ofsted how well they are doing at stimulating the children’s physical and intellectual development of pupils at school. The values that the teachers at school must teach the children include teaching about the rule of law and teaching them respect and tolerance for other students who have d ifferent faiths and beliefs. These British values are culturalRead More J.R.R. Tolkien Biography Essay examples1521 Words   |  7 Pagesalthough he considered himself a British man throughout his adulthood. He experienced World War I firsthand in the trenches. He was a professor of Old English and other archaic languages and had a strong love for such languages. Tolkien also felt a strong tie for his homeland, England, and desired to create mythology for England. Tolkien was able to write the first modern fantasy novel through his life experiences and his love for archaic languages and British lore. Tolkiens mother, MabelRead MoreIntroduction Of The Policy Report Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesit is necessary to still keep the exam system, but we surely need to change the exam system if we do not eliminate it. The old goal of the Civil Examination is to pick elites from population to work as government official and have a powerful impact on China’s social mobility, and the new goal of it will be accommodating science without eliminating the Civil Service Examination. However, I am writing to advise and report to try our best to keep both goals in the exam system. I will talk about the detailsRead MoreAssessment Of A Comprehensive Assessment System1620 Words   |  7 Pageswas not hesitant to choose ‘’ a Comprehensive Assessment System’’ to be the topic of my literature review. Believing that properly and consistently using students’ results for continuous improvement is a major factor for any school’s success, I save no efforts to review and research for techniques related to assessment definition, nature, types, strategies, importance, and effects. Throughout this literature review, I aim at sharing my thoughts, research outcomes, and experiences during my school’sRead MoreEducation in Vietnam vs America Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesTeachers randomly choose some students to go to the blackboard to check what they have learned from last class. With social subjects, such as history, geography, literature, students have to learn by heart what they take notes in class. Realizing the limitation of those methods, Vietnam is trying to change. Hays argues, â€Å"With the help of British, Australian and American educators, Vietnam is attempting to overhaul its education system and not put so much emphasis on rote learning and instead encourageRead MoreLinguistic Rights1544 Words   |  7 Pagesnationhood. Although policies and legislations involving language have been in effect in early European histor y, these were often cases where a language was being imposed upon people while other languages or dialects were neglected. Most of the initial literature on linguistic rights came from countries where linguistic and/or national divisions grounded in linguistic diversity have resulted in linguistic rights playing a vital role in maintaining stability.[1] However, it was not until the 1900s that linguisticRead MoreGeneral Survey Of Major British Literary Masterpieces From The Anglo Saxon Period1136 Words   |  5 PagesCOURSE SYLLABUS and CALENDAR Course Name Number: British Literature I Semester Year: Fall 2016 ENGL 2322.370 Online Catalog Description: General survey of major British literary masterpieces from the Anglo-Saxon period through the 18th century; reports and essays. Course Prerequisite(s): Successful completion of ENGL 1301 Course Type: Academic NCTC Core Curriculum Course Required Textbooks Materials: The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Vol. A, B, C. Ninth ed. (c. 2012) Stephen GreenblattRead MoreSummary Of Candide By Alan Bennett1190 Words   |  5 Pagesseventeen-year-old boys are confronted with the realities of educational climate at the time as they try to get into Oxbridge. The Headmaster (of †¦) wishes that all of the boys would get into Oxford or University of Cambridge to prove to the bureaucrats of the British education system. Irwin is introduced as the supply teacher that will provide this extra push and supplement the students’ lessons. In Candide by Voltaire, Candide is taught by a philosopher – Pangloss - in â€Å"metaphysico-theo-logo-cosmo-nigology†.

The Self Objectification Theory Of Women - 4667 Words

Self-objectification Theory Objectification occurs when a person’s body is evaluated as a separate entity with a blatant disregard to the human who occupies it. When objectification occurs it dehumanizes the individual and turns them into an object that is to be used for someone else’s pleasure. Women in westernized cultures are particularly subject to this type of treatment and the detrimental effects it can cause (Harper Tiggemann, 2008). Often as a result, objectification is turned inward and the individual views themselves as an object, creating a state of chronic self-surveillance. This effect is identified as self-objectification and the psychological ramifications for this occurrence is varied and includes: body shame, disrupted flow of consciousness, depression, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, and disordered eating (Fredrickson Roberts, 1997). Disruption of Performance One of the ways that SO effects women, is that it disrupts the flow of consciousness and taxes cognitive processes, thus limiting a woman’s ability for higher levels of performance (Aubrey Gerding, 2015; Fredrickson, Roberts, Noll, Quinn, Twenge, 1998). In one study, women who were asked to complete math problems while wearing a bathing suit scored lower on the exam and higher on the self-objectification and body shame scales than women who wore a crew neck sweater and pants (Fredrickson et al., 1998). The women wearing the bathing suit were asked to evaluate the clothing as they would inShow MoreRelated Objectification Theory Essays1736 Words   |  7 PagesWomen are bombarded by images of a thin-ideal body form that is extremely hard, if not impossible, to emulate. Comparing themselves to these women can lead to feelings of inadequacy, depression, and an overall low self-esteem. (Expand on, need a good opening paragraph to grab the reader’s attention) Objectification Theory Objectification theory has been proposed as a standard for understanding the effects of living in a culture that sexually objectifies women (Fredrickson Roberts, 1997).Read MoreMedia and Unrealistic Body Image Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesRationale Today’s culture has placed women across the globe in a position where they are constantly flooded with idealistic images that depict what the media perceives as the â€Å"perfect body.† Quite often, young university-attending females, those who are involved in social identity formation, are exposed to numerous forms of media that fabricate various experiences relative to body image. In the past, researchers have surveyed women who are exposed to body-related standards using multiple forms ofRead MoreDisordered Eating and the Media Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesbeautiful, there has been an emergence of pro-anorexia and pro-bulimia websites designed to encourage a lifestyle of disordered eating and thinking (Bardone-Cone Cass, 2006, pp. 256). Literature on eating disorders shows that self-internalization, social comparison, self-objectification, and the sociocultural etiological model may explain the effects of media on disordered eating. Thompson and Heinberg (1999) have found that internalization of social pressures at least moderately mediates the effectsRead MoreAnalysis Of Patricia Collinss Black Feminist Eye1125 Words   |  5 Pagesby Patricia Collins, draws the attention to the theory of black feminist innovations and their opinions on women of color. She also embraces figures made by black women intellects who performed a role in evolving this theory. In similarity to Collins’ novel, The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, the African American female individuals depicted as the women of color labeled in the novel, Black Feminist Thought. In conjunction with the depicted black women in Collins’ Black Feminist Thought, numerous resourcesRead MoreFeminism Of Hip Hop And Rap Music1504 Words   |  7 Pagesmisogyny and objectification towards women (Weitzer and Kubrin 2009 ; Gourdine and Lemmons 2011). Ruby M. Gourdine and Brianna P. Lemmons specifically state that misogynistic themes began to gain prominence in the genre during the late 1980s. I would suggest that the prevalence of objectification and misogyny in hip hop could pose a threat to a positive self image for females, exposed to this form of media. What is objectification? The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines objectification, as â€Å"theRead MoreKilling Us Softly : Advertising s Image Of Women913 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertising’s Image of Women In the video, Killing Us Softly: Advertising’s Image of Women, the way women are portrayed in advertising is explored in great detail. The video exposes the gender stereotypes that are depicted in advertising on a regular basis. The effects of mass advertising are also explored particularly the effect of objectification of women on young girls. Young girls and women are affected by these constant and never-ending advertisements sexualizing women and marginalizing themRead MoreAre Men And Blame For The Objectification Of Women?980 Words   |  4 PagesMen to Blame for the Objectification of Women? Social forces influence our daily lives regardless of our awareness to them. This understanding illustrates the sociological imagination which challenges accepted beliefs and encourages questioning certain practises. Generally, society accepts what they are told about what it means to be a female. We rarely question practises that degrade females despite the blatant diminishing of women being frowned upon. The objectification of women can not be solelyRead MoreWhile Presenting May Be A Literal Objectification Of Slaves764 Words   |  4 Pagesliteral objectification of slaves in Walker’s work, this overarching concept can also be seen in her works Untitled and Gone. In Untitled, the young woman is depicted as naked, a common practice from slavery. During the practice, slaves were often forced to stand nude and be inspected by potential masters, as if part of a crude, human dog show. The woman in this picture seems vulnerable in a similar fashion, forced to stand in an apparen tly submissive state to the fully clothed men and women besideRead MoreAmerican Women s Experiences With Street Harassment1204 Words   |  5 Pagesfilled headphones, followed by cat calls that can be heard around the world. Individuals experience street harassment daily. Street harassment is any form of unwanted verbal or physical harassment sexual in nature. This paper will discuss American women s experiences with street harassment. We’ll begin with looking at: Who street harasses? Why they street harass? And lastly, the desired effects compared to actual effects of street harassment? These questions will set up a foundation to view whatRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Objectification Of Women888 Words   |  4 PagesYouTube channel that posts videos on social change. In this paper, I will be analysis my photos over the semester by discussing overarching themes, in particular, gender stereotypes and objectification of women. Then I will analyze the photos from an intersec tionality perspective and its importance. In addition, I will self-reflect about how gender, sex, and sexuality influence my life and how my beliefs have been challenged over the semester. Finally, I will conclude my paper with ways, in which, we can

Strategic Management and Leadership Planning

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management and Leadership Planning. Answer: Introduction Strategic management is to increase the production of the companies by implementation of effective administration. It includes planning; organizing, staffing, controlling, directing, etc. to frame effective strategic management is one of the vital parts of each and every organization as it helps to bring improvement in the performance and productivity of the company as well as the individuals related to it. The formations of strategic policies are done by the strategic manager who is responsible to bring effective implementation of those policies and strategies for the future. The job of the strategic manager is to decide that what is good for the organization for a longer period of time. They are responsible to frame policies that are for internal and external management of the company to achieve the goals. It is the fact that to run a company successfully and to achieve the goals, the managers have to work hard and implement the policies on a prominent basis. A strategic manager needs to decide that what is good for the company and vice versa (Finkelstein, Hambrick, and Cannella, 2009). The relevance of strategic planning is that it helps the companies to assess the opportunities, strehnght, weakness and threat, in a best way so that the strategic plan can be designed. SWOT analysis on the following case study for DELL. Strength- Brand name- the company has a strong brand name and reputation for its products. The brand value of dell is $ 7.5 billon. Product customization- it is a special quality of dell laptops as they provide customize services to their customers. These kinds of services are not provided by any other company like dell. Like Toshiba, Sony, etc. it helps the company to have competitive advantage in the company and also add great value to the customers. Environmental record- it is a company that always try to engage itself in the environmental and green initiatives. For this, the company has received many awards as recognition for being eco-friendly. It is one of the benefits that a company has while working with government and public agencies. Competency the acquisitions and mergers- over the past year, this company has a huge amount on the mergers and acquisitions. It is approximately $ 13 billion which is a successful investment for the company. It helped the company to bring new patents, capabilities, skills, knowledge, talent, assets, etc. (Bass, and Bass, 2009) Direct selling through the business model Dell is a company that doesnt sell its products by the big-box retail outlets instead of this; they directly sell the products to the customers and also to the enterprises by keeping a very reasonable process and profit margins off the products. Weaknesses- Commodity product-the commodity products sell by the company has a very less margins. So the major resource of profits for this company laptops, computers, etc. that is commoditized products. Poor customers services- the after sales services of this company are not effective than the other companies like Sony and Samsung provide to their customers. Dell is trying to fix this problem by investing a large amount of money to its service centers. The call centers and services centers of this company are generally offshore which complex the situations. The locations are very few- it is a major weakness of this company that the infrastructure is not effective. Due to this the customers are unable to rely on the company as they find it hard to trust on such company (Kuratko, and Audretsch, 2009). Low differentiation The low price of the products of dell products are counted as its competitive advantage but the company is unable to manage the competitive process. The products of dell are also different from the other competitors. Low investment in research and development- the negative part of this company is that it invests a very low part of its income in the R D department which results in lack of market analysis and knowledge about the market (Kim, 2002). Thus, the company missed the opportunity to make strong product like Smartphone, tablets, etc. as well as the company is lacking behind in the competition due to this factor. Weak patent portfolio- Due to the lack in the R D department, the company is also lacking in the strong patent portfolio. The company is now facing many problems due to this and they have to face competition many times. Opportunities Expansion in the services and also in the enterprise solutions divisions They can obtain more patents through the acquisitions They can strengthen their presence in the emerging markets Growth and development in the tablet market Threats There is growth in the demand for the smart phones and tablets There is a decline eon the hardware products There is slow growth in the laptops markets The presence of intense Competition in the market A PEST analysis on entering computer industry in China Political and legal analysis- The Chinese government wants to promote only the Chinese companies and PC vendors in the markets of china as compared to any other computer company. There are many personal computer vendors in china and government tries to support them. The growth of internet is also limited in china which can be a threat from many computer manufacturing companies (Bryson, 2011). Economic factors- The biggest threat is piracy in the chinas computer market. The country has a vast scope and lots of opportunities in the computer market as this country has a large population. There is a shortage of skilled labor in china due to which many company faces many problems. Sociological factors The cultural and social sectors are closely related to the culture and attitude o the society and are values. The computer companies have opportunities that they can expand their operations in the Chinese markets as it has vast potential and the growth is also tremendous. Still, the china people are not ready to easily accept the outsider company in their country. Technological factors- The factors of technology is related to the activities that are directly related to the invention of new techniques of production, processes, materials, etc. the direction of updated technology is to change everything into faster and smaller (Dess, and Lumpkin, 2005). The personal computer production of China was third largest in the year 2000. The Legislation and how it affects business operation. The corporations act 2001 is one of the relevant legislations required by all the companies. In this act, there are all the details of the company and also about the financial products and services offered by the company. It is a body of corporate that has place in the country like Australia or nay territory or state in the Australia. It is a reference body of the corporate that are carrying business operations in the Australia (Priem, and Butler, 2001). It has a strong impact on the voluntary winding up of the business. The company must have to pass the resolution, cease to carry the business operations. Code of Practice and how was it related to organisational values The code of conduct of a company presents the standards and benchmarking of the company that is expected by the members of the company. There are lots of values provided by the code of practice that is it provided a support in the economic, social and political matters by the members of the company where the business operations are being performed. It also helps in support and protection of the potential and current work related to the consumers, employment, and also to the allied support service. It provided guidelines to inform and protect the employment support services of the industry and also encourage equal opportunity al all sort of levels of employment. The major function of code o conduct is to demonstrate the core professional values and nature of the underpinning and countered ethical considerations. It is the fact that it cannot address all the ethical issues but try to cover the most. The applicability of each and every code of conduct is related with the each and every countrys ethical issues that may directly or indirectly affect the working of professional practice of the employement services. Porters Competitive Forces model The main aim of porters five forces model is to analyze, identify, al the competitive sources present in the market that directly r indirectly affect the firm. They also help in determination of strengths and weaknesses of the company. The major five forces of porter model are- Competition in the industry- The relevance of this force is to determine eth number of the competitors and their power of threaten the company. There are many types of competitors and they provide equivalent quality of products that to on a reasonable price. The impact of the competitors on the company can be decided through the depth in which the competitors taking the share in the markets. It also impact the suppliers and the buyers if they cannot receive suitable transactions The potential of the new entrants into the industry- The power of the company is also influenced by the new entrants in the market. The less time, cost and money taken by the competitors to enter in the industry results in effective competition for the companies. It leads in significant impact n the reputation of the company. The power of the suppliers The aim of this force is to analyze that how easily the suppliers give up the prices of services and goods. It is also affected by the number of suppliers present in the market of a particular goods and services. It also related to the uniqueness of this aspect that a company has to invest while switching form one supplier to other (Bryson, 2011). The power of the customers- It is related to the capability of the customers to down the price and to bargain. It is directly influenced by number of buyers, customers, company, how each customer is significant to the company. The strong base of the client holds more power against the company. The threat for the substitute products- There are lots of substitutes available in the market that give threat to the companies. The porters five forces model for the personal computer industry is important to analyze in development of the business strategy. It helps in identification of all the factors that directly and indirectly impact the working of the company. It is very much useful in competitive analysis as it helps to collect the data and information related to the competitors and substitute products and services. The dell company also uses such models in their company to analyze the forces that impact the company. Executive summary A strategic plan for HealthFocus including objectives, strategies, timeframes, performance indicators and methods for monitoring the implementation of the plan will be include in this study. The motive is to provide description of the company, its mission, vision and also the values statement, etc. Organizational description It is a consultancy company that is a full services market strategic and research company. It is specialized in nutrition and health trends so that they can create market opportunities. The company is specifically qualified to better understand the science that underlying trends of todays market. Mission, vision, and value statement The aim of the company is to establish latest and updates trend in the nutritions and health of the people. The mission is to accomplish the health goals of the customers by providing them opportunities so that they can concentrate on their health. The vision is to be at a leading position in the health and nutrition company. The value statement of the company states that customers are the most values asset of the company and their demands must be entertained and fulfilled in the best way any company can do. Goals and strategies The goals and strategies of the company are very enquire and customers driven in nature. They focus on the trends in the market related to the health and the nutrition and then apply them in the company to achieve the same. Strategic plan The strategic plan of the company are framed by the top level of authority who analyses and identify the marketing situation and then frame strategic plan so that the goals can be achieved. Performance indicators The performance indicators of the company are the number of the customers of the company that are present in the market. They are the measurable value that companies achieve. The targets of the company are helpful in evaluation of the success of the company. Methods for monitoring the implementation of the plan The company has lots of plans to evaluate the implementation. They have a particular format that is used to analyze the implementation. They did the review and revision of the implemented plans. They collect the information that change takes place. The make proper records to monitor and control the performance taking place in the company. They also apply effective theories and approaches so that there must be prominent and positive changes take place. Conclusion The conclusion on the present study is that the strategic planning has an important role in every company. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relevancy of various types of methods like SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, etc. for the companies to evaluate the internal and external environment of the business. The investigation takes place on the companies that are manufacturing company of computers Dell and also the impact of computer manufacturing company on the economy of china. The economy of china is very rigid as it does not easily entertain any outside company in their company. Afterwards there was a strategic plan designed for company that is a HealthFocus company. References Bass, B.M. and Bass, R., 2009. The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. Simon and Schuster. Bryson, J.M., 2011. Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement (Vol. 1). John Wiley Sons. Bryson, J.M., 2011. Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement (Vol. 1). John Wiley Sons. Dess, G.G. and Lumpkin, G.T., 2005. The role of entrepreneurial orientation in stimulating effective corporate entrepreneurship. The Academy of Management Executive, 19(1), pp.147-156. Finkelstein, S., Hambrick, D.C. and Cannella, A.A., 2009. Strategic leadership: Theory and research on executives, top management teams, and boards. Oxford University Press, USA. Kim, S., 2002. Participative management and job satisfaction: Lessons for management leadership. Public administration review, 62(2), pp.231-241. Kuratko, D.F. and Audretsch, D.B., 2009. Strategic entrepreneurship: exploring different perspectives of an emerging concept. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(1), pp.1-17. Priem, R.L. and Butler, J.E., 2001. Is the resource-based view a useful perspective for strategic management research?. Academy of management review, 26(1), pp.22-40.

Othello Act 3 Scene 3 Essay Example

Othello Act 3 Scene 3 Paper Explain the effect of dramatic techniques employed by Shakespeare in the construction of the pivotal Scene 3 in Act 3. Act 3 Scene 3 is one of the most important and pivotal scenes in Othello, where Iago speaks meticulously and thoroughly with Othello, planting the seeds of suspicion ad jealousy in Othello’s mind which ultimately leads to the tragic events that occur in the latter parts of the play. Shakespeare’s diction for Iago arouses the idea of suspicion and jealousy in Othello; at first, Iago speaks only the word â€Å"jealousy† (167) fixing it into Othello’s imagination then reminds Othello of Desdemona’s deception of her own father â€Å"She did deceive her father, marrying you, / And when she seemed to shake and fear your looks, / She loved them most† further planting seeds of suspicion into Othello’s mind as the implication is clear, where Shakespeare’s choice of words, does not need Iago to state it’s true meaning: If Desdemona can deceive her own flesh and blood, she can easily deceive her husband. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Act 3 Scene 3 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Act 3 Scene 3 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Act 3 Scene 3 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, as soon as Iago states his thoughts with Othello, he back tracks what he says â€Å"But I am much to blame. / I humbly do beseech you of your pardon / For too much loving you† bringing about once again Iago’s duplicitous nature. Dramatic irony is used not only in Act 3, Scene 3 but throughout the entire play. Iago is constantly referred to as honest, however time and time again, Iago lies, playing with his words to seek out his own revenge. Shakespeare writes â€Å" Also, Shakespeare uses the technique of foreshadowing†¦ Desdemona’s lines at the beginning of the scene are prophetic: â€Å"thy solicitor shall rather die / Than give thy cause away. † (27-8) This reminds the audience / reader that this play is in fact a tragedy alluding to the idea that most characters are bound to fall. Furthermore, Othello says â€Å"Perdition catch my soul†¦ / Chaos is come again† (90-2) there is an element of prophecy in this statement, as, metaphorically, damnation will soon catch Othello, whilst chaos will soon replace order in his life. During Othello’s soliloquy, Shakespeare uses a rage of imagery emphasising the appalling change in Othello. There is only one thing Othello is certain, that is the â€Å"exceeding honesty† (260) of Iago, another example of dramatic irony. The end of the scene is the climax of Othello, as Othello, convinced of his wife’s infidelity, is fixed in his course, to seek â€Å"a capable and wide revenge† (460) on Desdemona ensuring the disastrous endings of this tragedy unavoidable. Othello makes a black vow with Iago

Hendrix Essays (224 words) - Jimi Hendrix, Music, Free Essays

Hendrix Essays (224 words) - Jimi Hendrix, Music, Free Essays Hendrix Jimi Hendrix Jimi Hendrix Jimi Hendrix lived his life as a Musician, Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter. He also pioneered the electric guitar, a right handed Fender Strat, upside-down and left-handed. He was one of the most original and influential people of all time. James Marshall Hendrix was born November 27, 1942 in Seattle, Washington. He taught himself to play in his school boy days. He then enlisted himself in the Army as a parachute jumper, but an injury led to discharge. He then became a session guitarist known as Jimmy James. After gigging with Little Richard in 1964, he got entangled in a contract dispute and left to form his own band, Jimmy James and the Blue Flames. One night at a New York club, Chas Chandler encountered him and in the fall of 1966, took him to London. After Making several albums including; Axis: Bold as Love and Electric Ladyland, Hendrix and bassist Redding grew apart and intoxicated by over-indulgence in drugs, Hendrix thought that Management was cheating him. In 1 969 the Experience disbanded. In the summer of 69 he played at woodstock. He later formed the Band of Gypsies, and started a double album in the mid-1970s, but was never finished when he died September 18, 1970, due to inhalation of vomit after barbiturate intoxication.

Putitans model society essays

Putitans model society essays The Putiian wanted to create a model society based soley on religion. The aspirations which led the Puritans to New England were, tge Puritans wanted to purify the Aglican church also they wanted to set up an utopian society based on how they thought the Aglican church should be ran: the Puritans did not completley fulfill theier aspirations, While in England the Puritans believed that the Aglican church was changing in ways they did not like and they wanted to change things, therefore leadinf them to America. During the 17th century, the New England Puritans tried to create a model society based on their dis-like for the Anglican church. The Puritans believed that the Aglican Church had become Catholic, they wanted to purify the Anglican CHurch and get rif of the Catholic influence. The Puritans believed that id they came to New England, and create a model society them the Anglican Church would call them back to England to purify the church. They had thier own constituion so the king and Parliment could not intervene of destory the utopian society that they were trying to create. The utopian soceity the Puritans wanted was based on the Aglican Churcb with out the Catholic influences. The utopian society they wanted was based n religion. They wanted a model society based on the Biblw and other believes they belived were religiously right. The Puritans did not exactly fulfill what they wanted top accomplish. They did not accomplish a utopian society based on religion becasue the British interfered and the Aglican church in England never asked them to come back. The utopian society they wanted to create, was not as great as they wished it would have been. Yhe ideas they had about purifing the Anglican Church did not go as planned. They were hoping that the Aglican church would call them back to England, England never did. The aspirations they wanted were not fulfill to the extent they had wanted. ...

Benefits of Developing Solid Government and Contractor Relationships Research Paper - 1

Benefits of Developing Solid Government and Contractor Relationships - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that governments need the help of contractors because governments do not have ample employees to function and also lack the sets of skills required for government operations; the GAO (government accountability office) in the United States of America came up with these findings in a survey in 1991. Now this need to depend on contractors may increase as the government functioning areas are getting wider and so are the skills required in operating those areas, but the number of federal employees possessing such wide range of skills is not increasing; since 1991 to 2004 the OPM (office of personnel management) estimated that the civilian workforce in federal government has decreased by 13 percent. The business relationship that exists between the government and the contractors provides both with a tendency to grow with mutual interests at the core of the business relationship. But it is crucial for Government employees to understand that the na ture of work they do is sensitive and a certain degree of risk is always there when treating the contractual employees as members of their team and should refrain from partiality or preference. Certain rules and guideline must be ensured between the two parties so that a solid and reliable relationship between the two is created; leading to the mutual success of both. The government personnel falls under the law and regulations of the federal government and the employees of the contractor fall under their contractor's contract. A solid working environment between the contractors and government ensures benefit to both. The business relationship between government and contractors allows for a mutual base for achieving shared goals and objectives when subjected to successful planning, and it is necessary for the employees of both the contractor and government to understand these goals and responsibilities. Shared vision and mission are also termed as Partnering.

Pirate ship theme party for kids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pirate ship theme party for kids - Essay Example The guests’ tour in the ship along with planned events would be calculated in advance. Upon enterance there would be a treasure hunt expedition where the guests would be given a series of clues and instructions in order to search for the treasure. As guests would mingle with staff in the ship, they would be engaged in numerous activities such as games such as paintball, puzzles or trick games, pirate shows and other activities like music, dance and food. Time-consuming activities such as search for treasures or paint-ball will have a great effect on the fun quotient of children as they would engage in the party and lose sense of time. How is staff used to create the sense of theatre created? ? Of the four realms of experience provided by Pine and Gilmore, the Pirate theme would be designed as Escapist with active levels of participation and emersion. Firstly, all the staff will be dressed in pirate costumes to induce a feeling of being in a pirated ship. Most of the staff woul d be wearing uniforms of capitan, officers and ordinary seamen. Adapting the real diversity of Pirates, the staff would speak in a number of accents such as English, American, West Indian, Scottish and Spanish. Other theatrics adopted by the staff in creating a sense of theatre are the use of props such as parrots, pistols, swords, playing cards, box of jewels, board games, dices, musical instruments such as harmonica and fake tobacco. Frequently the staff would engage guests in trick games, converse with them in their accents and show them their visual props. There will also be sound effects in background as lightening or splashes of water, sea storm or voices from another ship. Is the guest‘s role is explained? ? The concept of Experience Economy as explained by Pine and Gilmore dwells upon two particular dimensions of the experience – customer participation, and connection. The escapist realm of Pirate theme experience would actively engage guests by explaining them their part and making them aware that they are active participants of the theme. The guest will be prepared for the role by dressing up as a pirate. Purposefully, each guest would be classified into pirate camps and given different dresses such as a Carribean pirate, an English pirate (seaman) or a Welsh officer. Variations would also be made by giving them different hats, eye patches, beads, hairdos, swords and other accessories. To complete their get-up as a pirate, kids will have a make-up session with their face airbrushed and dark eyes. Before entering the ship, guests would receive a small bag of their belongings including some fake jewels, their prized possessions, tips on playing games and winning treasures etc. Is the proposed transformation of the guest explained? The proposed transformation of kids into a Pirated Ship will be based upon the following activities: Costume designing: Both guests and staff would be wearing pirate themed costumes giving a sense of seventeenth century era. Five Senses: All senses of guests would be stimulated such as Owning pistols (Touch), Pirate ship/costumes/parrots (Sight), Lightening and ship sounds (Hearing), Smell of fresh paint/wood (Smell) and Sea-food (Taste). Games: There will be a number of games such as board and dice games, ship adventure games that will help transform kids into the world of pirates. Pirate Ship Environment: The Pirate Ship Environment such as wooden planks, presence of water, ship sirens, maps and compasses will also assist in guests’

The historical and institutional factors Essay Example for Free

The historical and institutional factors Essay The historical and institutional factors that contributed to the differences between the current German party system and the one that existed under the Weimar Republic One of the first major ways in which the current German party differs from that of the Weimar republic concerns the way in which democracy was formed. Whilst the current system was created through a constitution that received the respect and support of all the political parties concerned, the Weimar Republic was formed as a direct result of Germany’s defeat during the second world war. Although the Weimar Republic attempted to create a democratic Germany the economic downturn caused by the repercussions of the First World War entailed that it was difficult for political developments to take hold. The Germany politicians were forced to accept of the Versailles Treaty in 1911 and the inclusion of the ‘War Guilt Clause’ led to compulsory reparations to be paid to the alies. The agreement to this treaty caused a major split between the political parties and the extreme right were able to utiilise this to create an unstable political system. A further difference between the two political entities can be observed in the economic backdrop to their position. Not only did the Versaille Treaty have a crippling effect on the German economy, they were heavily dependent on foreign investment, loans and economic prosperity from the United States. In this vulnerable position the Weimar Republic’s existence was reliant on outside investment, which came crashing to a halt during the Wall Street crash of 1929. Post Wall Street Germany was a country that suffered from mass unemployment, homelessness and hunger and was crippled economically and, by 1933, the economy stood on the brink of collapse, with an economy which should, realistically, have long since declared itself bankrupt (Frei 163). The current German party however, is operational in very different circumstances. Their economy is one of the most advanced market economies and they are largely export led (World Bank, 2007). The people of Germany have a faith in their political system that wasn’t in evidence during the time of the Weimar. Another difference between the two political entities concerns the attitudes and beliefs of the people they governed. During the times of the Weimar, the far right was extremely prominent and had great power through the support they received from the wealthy constitutents (Childers 46). Through such power they were able to instugate violences and coups. Today people more readily accept regime and acknowledge its legitimacy. Extreme right wing politics have been legislated against and radical right wing parties are banned from power. It wasn’t just economic conditions which caused the Weimar Republic to be weak. The Republic also suffered from structural weaknesses. One example of this concerned Article 48 of the constitution which conferred dictatorial powers upon the President during an emergency and did not require collaboration and agreement with the Reichstag ministers. Furthermore, the constitution installed a system of proportional representation which resulted in the multiplication of small splinter parties.This meant that a stable minority in the Reichstag was impossible and there were frequent changes in government. Works Cited: Childers, Thomas. The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919-1933, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983 Total GDP 2007 World Bank. Retrieved on September 17, 2008 from http://siteresources. worldbank. org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP. pdf Frei, Norbert. National Socialist Rule in Germany. Translated by Joel Golb . New York Columbia University Press , 2002

Wildlife on and Around Airfields :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The danger of wildlife, particularly birds, on and around airfields has become a major issue on military bases. Hour upon hour is spent researching and testing methods to protect the wildlife, personnel, and aircraft. Despite these gallant efforts there are thousands of mishaps every year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the past, the effect on the environment and its living creatures wasn’t a top issue when building military bases. Unquestionably, it has been a concern though. Since flying first became a reality, documented safety reports go back as far as eighty-eighty years. As a result of not making it a number one priority, today we have problems with environmental organizations under the Endangered Species Act and millions of dollars are spent on scientific systems and even more lost to accidents and fines. There was no way obviously when airfields were being constructed that the significance of this matter could have been predicted. However, with a little more effort years ago and not just within the last twenty, many hazards could have been avoided.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because of the numerous wildlife strikes to aircraft, literally millions of dollars in damaged parts are spent and millions are lost to complete destruction to aircraft. On the average, 3,126 strikes are reported each year by the military at nearly an average cost of $12,000 per case. This has led to over $700 million dollars lost or spent on aircraft over the past 20 years. Over all, the United States alone has lost $300 million annually, so you can tell the problem is not a small matter. Equally important are the fines handed out. Such as the case involving an international airport in France, where a flock of birds that was feasting on a carcass was neither reported nor removed before a jetliner was to depart. The plane received damage when it attempted to take-off but avoided serious consequences by shutting down just before the end of the runway. The airport was fined $3,000,000. Along with the financial losses, there have been several injuries and, more importantly, human fatalities. Possibly the most dramatic military incident was one in which several birds flew into a plane cruising at a high altitude. Damage was done to the engines and cockpit windows, causing the plane to crash and kill all 24 passengers. Over the past 30 years, a total of 37 Air Force aircraft have been completely destroyed, bringing along with it 35 fatalities. Wildlife on and Around Airfields :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The danger of wildlife, particularly birds, on and around airfields has become a major issue on military bases. Hour upon hour is spent researching and testing methods to protect the wildlife, personnel, and aircraft. Despite these gallant efforts there are thousands of mishaps every year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the past, the effect on the environment and its living creatures wasn’t a top issue when building military bases. Unquestionably, it has been a concern though. Since flying first became a reality, documented safety reports go back as far as eighty-eighty years. As a result of not making it a number one priority, today we have problems with environmental organizations under the Endangered Species Act and millions of dollars are spent on scientific systems and even more lost to accidents and fines. There was no way obviously when airfields were being constructed that the significance of this matter could have been predicted. However, with a little more effort years ago and not just within the last twenty, many hazards could have been avoided.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because of the numerous wildlife strikes to aircraft, literally millions of dollars in damaged parts are spent and millions are lost to complete destruction to aircraft. On the average, 3,126 strikes are reported each year by the military at nearly an average cost of $12,000 per case. This has led to over $700 million dollars lost or spent on aircraft over the past 20 years. Over all, the United States alone has lost $300 million annually, so you can tell the problem is not a small matter. Equally important are the fines handed out. Such as the case involving an international airport in France, where a flock of birds that was feasting on a carcass was neither reported nor removed before a jetliner was to depart. The plane received damage when it attempted to take-off but avoided serious consequences by shutting down just before the end of the runway. The airport was fined $3,000,000. Along with the financial losses, there have been several injuries and, more importantly, human fatalities. Possibly the most dramatic military incident was one in which several birds flew into a plane cruising at a high altitude. Damage was done to the engines and cockpit windows, causing the plane to crash and kill all 24 passengers. Over the past 30 years, a total of 37 Air Force aircraft have been completely destroyed, bringing along with it 35 fatalities.

Research Method on Culture

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 0Introduction In order to provide a clear insight into this study, this chapter starts with the background of the study, problem statement, purpose of the study, research objective, research question, research hypothesis, significance of the study, study of framework, and the outline for chapter 2 and chapter 3. This chapter outline about an overview of managing cultural diversity among employees toward the effectiveness working environment in hotel industry in Malaysia. Subsequent sections deal with contribution of the study to the literature and discuss the structure and the research design of the proposal. 1. Background of the study Cultural diversity has become a hot-button issue when applied to the workplace (Kimberly Amadeo, 2012). What is cultural diversity in the workplace? Culture refers to the values, norms, and traditions that affect the way a member of a group typically perceives, thinks, interacts, behaves, and makes judgments (Alpert, 1992). Di versity is generally defined as acknowledging, understanding, accepting, valuing, and celebrating differences among people with respect to ages, class, ethnicity, gender, physical and mental ability, race, sexual orientation, spiritual practice, and public assistance status (Esty, 1995).Hence, cultural diversity is when differences in race, ethnicity, language, nationality, religion, and sexual orientation are represented within a community. A community is said to be culturally diverse if its residents include members of different groups. The community can be a country, region or city (Kimberly Amadeo, 2012). Malaysia is one of the most culturally and economically diverse regions of the world (Fisher, 1996). Malaysia is one of the most diverse countries in terms of ethnicity, religion, spirituality, language, and culture (Malaysia Info, 2009).Ethnicity refers to shared cultural practices, perspectives, and distinctions that set apart one group of people from another (Cliffnote, n. d . ). The population of Malaysia consists of three main ethnic groups—Malays, Chinese, and peoples of the South Asian subcontinent (Encyclopedia of the nations, 2012). Religion originates in an attempt to represent and order beliefs, feelings, imagining and actions that arise in response to direct experience of the sacred and the spiritual (Connelly, 1996). The official religion of Malaysia is Islam, and is practiced by the majority of Malays, and a portion of the Indian community.Under the constitution, other races are free to practice any religion in an atmosphere of acceptance and tolerance. The other main religions include Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Christianity (Expatgomalaysia, 201). The essence of spirituality is the search to know our real self, to discover the true nature of consciousness (Russell, 2006). Language is a human system of communication that uses arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols ( Nordquist, 2012). Hence, managing diversity in the workplace is a challenge for any manager, but it can be accomplished using some basic tools.Managers need to go above and beyond their comfort level to develop knowledge about cultural difference and sensitivity to diversity issues. Take a leap and establish relationships at work with individuals who are different from them. The more natural thing is for people to surround themselves with individuals who are similar to them. By building relationships with individuals with different backgrounds, they will learn about the talent and knowledge they can add to the organization ( Noe, 2009). Cultural diversity is broad concept in hotel industry in Malaysia.Employing a diverse workforce give benefit in higher productivity, lower employee turnover, better understanding of client, and enhanced corporate reputation (Employing a diverse workforce: making it work, 2008). Managed well, diversity provides benefits that increase effectiveness in working environment. However, when ignored or mismanaged, it brings challenges and obstacles that can hinder the organization’s ability to effective (Gardenswartz & Rowe, n. d. ). 1. 2 Problem statement Managing cultural diversity is becoming an issue in the hotel industry especially to Human Resource manager (Holaday, 2007).The improper managing cultural diversity among employees will create less effective in working environment. When ignored or mismanaged, it brings challenges and obstacles that can hinder the organization’s ability to effective and success (Gardenswartz & Rowe, n. d. ). The previous researcher Al-Jenaib said that diversity can also lead to miscommunication, dysfunctional adaptation behaviors and the creation of barriers that reduce the benefits diversity can bring to the organization (Al-Jenaib, 2012). Plus, cultural diversity can create stereotype perception and exclusive work environment.Area of concern about this study is to managing cultural diversity among employees to improve the effectiveness in working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area. Numerous studies have been conducted in other countries outside Malaysia in managing cultural diversity among employees but there is limited studies were found regarding managing cultural diversity among employees towards the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia only that focused on Kuala Lumpur area.This study is importance to provide benefits to the organization in Kuala Lumpur area that come from the diverse employees to give the effectiveness working environment. The previous studies highlighted that managing workplace diversity has become a priority concern among organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) today. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is under increased pressure to appropriately employ and manage people of diverse cultural and racial backgrounds (Walck, 1995).Furthermore, there is as more and more minority groups enter the hos pitality industry of the United States, such as the group generations of African American, Hispanic Origin, and Asian, managing cultural diversity is becoming a challenging issue in this industry, especially to HR managers (Holaday, 2007). Yi Gong, (2008) has mentioned in his studies that related study needs to be conducted to facilitate the industry to understand the opportunities and advantages of successfully managing cultural diversity.Meanwhile, the program of action to increase general awareness of cultural diversity should be created to support the company policy (Baum, 2007). They should also be given training to increase their knowledge and skills to dealing with people having different cultural backgrounds (Baum, 2007). 1. 3 Purpose of the study The purpose of this study is to determine managing cultural diversity among employees towards the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area.Four major related variables be ing tested in this research consists of create an inclusive work environment, avoid stereotyping, applying training program and communicating with staffs for the effectiveness in working environment. 1. 4 Research objective As the issue of the study had been identified, the objectives of the study that had been derived are as follows: 1. To identify the major factor in managing cultural diversity among employees that give effect to the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area 2.To explore the benefit in managing cultural diversity among employees that give effect to the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area 1. 5 Research question In conducting the research and based on the objectives above, there are several questions identified which are: 1. What are the major factor in managing cultural diversity among employees that give effect to the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area 2.What are the benefit in managing cultural diversity among employees that give effect to the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area 1. 6 Significance of the study This study contributes to the theoretical advancement in the field of hotel industry by empirically testing a structured model to managing cultural diversity among employees toward the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area.This study can help the organization in managing cultural diversity that will enhance the company benefits in return such like higher productivity, lower employee turnover, better understanding of client, and enhanced corporate reputation (Employing a diverse workforce: making it work, 2008). By having strategic inclusion plan in work environment, this gives benefit to the employees. The diverse staf fs know they are valued and feel they belong.The staffs are more likely to feel that way when they are treated with respect the leader and their peers, given the chance to use their talents to the fullest and assured of equal opportunities to move ahead (Employing a diverse workforce: making it work, 2008). This study also can help university to expand the body of knowledge by providing some useful information regarding the cultural diversity management in working environment and the research from students can be as one of the sources and references for other students to conduct research or assignments. 1. 7 Study of framework Create an inclusive work environmentAvoid stereotyping Effectiveness working environment Managing cultural diversity Apply training program Communicating with staffs 1. 8 Outline The next chapter will be the second and third chapter of the research proposal. Chapter 2 will Start with the literature review of the four variables which is create an inclusive work environment, avoid stereotyping, apply training program and communicating with staffs. Chapter 3 will start with the process of conducting the research such as data collection method, research design, measurement of variable, sample frame, sample size, sampling techniques, and followed by data analysis techniques.CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW. 2. 0Introduction In this chapter will clarify about related theories from past researcher regarding this study. This study is explain about the literature review. It is also based on findings that are collected through journal, article and also website. 2. 1 Literature Review Literature review is process that involves the identification of published and unpublished work from secondary data sources on the topic interest, the evaluation of this work in relation to the problem and the documentation of this work.It also provides the foundation for developing a comprehensive theoretical framework. 2. 2 Stereotyping in Cultural Diversity. Stereotypes lead to assumptions and conclusions based on a person's race, gender or sexual preferences. Making these assumptions and conclusions then leads to discrimination. Stereotypes can be about race, religion, gender, age, disabilities, income, geographical locations. ( A. Sahar, 2011 ) . Stereotype threat refers to being at risk of confirming, as a self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's social group (Steele & Aronson, 1995).In general, the conditions that produce stereotype threat are ones in which a highlighted stereotype implicates the self though association with a relevant social category (Marx & Stapel, 2006; Marx, Stapel, & Muller, 2005). Stereotype also defined as a cognitive link between two social or personal concepts (e. g. , the Self, social groups, identities, attributes, traits, behaviors) that are not defining features for one another (Allport, 1954; Devine, 1989). For example, if dark skin is the defining feature for being Black, then the link between dark skin and the Black racial group is not a stereotype.But, a link between Black and poor is a stereotype, even if there is a correlational, causal, or cultural connection. Stereotyping is the application of a stereotype (Bodenhausen & Wyer, 1985; Devine, 1989; Hamilton & Sherman, 1994), inferring one characteristic (e. g. , worthless) from the other (e. g. , me). A stereotype can be almost any thought that oversimplifies a person or group, although will be focus primarily on negative, well-rehearsed, automatically activated stereotypes.There are several relevant characteristics of stereotypes to note: Stereotypes can be socially shared (i. e. , consensual, collective) or exist in the mind of only one person (i. e. , nonconsensual, individual; see Ashmore & Del Boca, 1979; Stangor & Schaller, 1996). Stereotypes can be based on a prominent group membership (e. g. , a woman stereotyping herself as nurturant because of her gender), based on a mundane characteristic (e. g. , someone stere otyping a man as Irish because he has red hair), or be unrelated to social group (e. . , a wife stereotyping her husband as lazy). Stereotypes can link people to characteristics that are negative (e. g. , criminal), neutral (e. g. , enjoys basketball), or positive (e. g. , good at math). Even positive stereotypes can have undesirable negative sequelae, because they set up unfair expectations (see shifting standards; Biernat & Vescio, 2002; McCabe & Brannon, 2004). 2. 3Create an inclusive work environment. INCLUSION: A PHILOSPHY WE BELIEVE IN â€Å"Our diversity mission is to be one company, one team, all-inclusive†¦It's about bringing out the best in each of us, so that we can achieve great things together. † It's about listening to the voices of our employees and partners to help shape our future. It is through this process that we set goals and develop a strategy that will hold us accountable for making Lockheed Martin a place of â€Å"institutionalized inclusion. â⠂¬  (Robert, 2012). The term inclusion is also used to describe the active, intentional, and ongoing engagement with diversity—in people, in the curriculum, in the co-curriculum, and in communities (intellectual, social, cultural, geographical).Inclusion describes the ways in which individuals might connect that increase one’s awareness, content knowledge, cognitive sophistication, and emphatic understanding of the complex ways individuals interact within systems and institutions. (www. aacu. org/inclusive_excellence/index. cfm). Diversity and inclusion is about creating a work force that represents the global communities in which we live and work and ensuring an environment in which every individual’s contributions are valued.A diverse and inclusive environment challenges our way of thinking by bringing together a variety of talents, backgrounds and experiences, and serves as a catalyst for new ideas and innovation. ( Conocco). 2. 4Applying training program. T o meet the cultural diversity challenges, companies in the hospitality industry must have sensitivity to differences (Clarke, 2007). Diversity training and education are necessary and essential to help companies in the industry to become competitive and successful (Christensen, 1993).The increased globalization of hospitality industry has made it necessary for international companies in the industry to work effectively in foreign environments. Diversity management training program such as cross-cultural training can help international managers to learn knowledge about different cultures and help them to develop skills of managing cultural diversity issues, which can therefore significantly reduce the potential costly failure caused by cultural difference problems (Caudron, 1991).For international hospitality companies, preparing current managers and future expatriate mangers with cross-cultural sensibilities is important. To diminish cultural barriers that managers of international hospitality companies may encounter in foreign countries, they will have to aware their own ethnocentric viewpoints and have the willingness to go beyond them and learn about a different cultural environment (Canen, 1999). The cross-cultural training section should be added into the training program to direct and help the trainees to understand the cultural expectations and their additional nonverbal behavioral manifestations.Diversity management training and multicultural education teach employees about various cultures. These training programs help to diminish stereotypes and allow trainees to see the cultural differences and the truth about other cultures. By the training, employees will show more respect to other people with different cultural backgrounds, and achieve more understanding of others’ beliefs and their traditions (Fernandez, Kleiner & Sturz, 2005).The training program emphasizes communication and educational training, which has positive impact to both minorit y and non-minority employees (Weaver & Wilborn, 2002). Since multicultural workforce includes every job position from the top management down to low-level employees (Elmuti, 2001), diversity management training should be conducted in all levels in the hospitality industry but not only in the entry-level or low-skilled level (Weaver & Wilborn, 2002). Say, specific training programs aiming at managing cultural diversity should be carefully designed, continually enforced, and gradually improved.Moreover, it cannot be ignored that for any training program that has the chance of long-term success, upper level management must be involved to ensure the implementation of diversity practices (Ahmed, 2006). 2. 5Communicating with staff. Different languages and various cultural backgrounds increase the difficulty of communication between employees in the workplaces. Language is always viewed as a crucial one among all the cultural features that make up cultural identity (Ganen, 1999).As Geert Hofstede, the famous writer of Culture’s Consequence, an influential book published since 1980, said in an interview, â€Å"I would say that understanding of other languages is almost a necessary, albeit insufficient, condition for the understanding of the phenomenon of culture (Powell, 2006, p. 13)†. Language differences often result in miscommunication. Rather than coming naturally, communication competence is a learned process like some other skills, which therefore increases the difficulty employees with different backgrounds to understand each other quickly and correctly.In addition, an intercultural communication may encounter more specific problems than a communication with one culture does. With different knowledge or experience, people in an intercultural communication have more difficulty to interpret others’ behavior, which increases their uncertainty of how other persons will respond to the communication (Baum et al, 2007). Employees of a company wit h diversity environment are therefore often poorly prepared to manage the high uncertainty experienced in intercultural communication.For example, an immigrant worker from Asia might be lack of knowledge or experience in dealing with a local American employee who was born and brought up in the United States. Different cultural backgrounds often engender misunderstanding when communication becomes unsuccessful or inefficient (Baum el al, 2007). Not only the workers, to effectively manage team members with diverse cultural backgrounds, line managers also need to be sensitive to the cultural differences that may affect the working relationship of employees.The ability to work effectively with people who have diverse backgrounds is one of the essential skills that hospitality managers require but may often lack (Baum, et al), which increases the possibility of miscommunication in the workplaces. Particularly, when individuals fail to conduct an effective cultural communication, they may feel themselves excluded. At the same time, some feelings may be provoked such as suspicion, lack of confidence, and even hostility. In many oversea properties of the international hospitality companies, problems causes by communication difficulty seem more prominent.Take the expatriate mangers for instance, communication difficulties can negatively influent their everyday life, which makes them unhappy with their current situation and prevents them from successfully adjusting to the host country and its culture. Obviously, proper cross-cultural training can help employees to cope with intercultural communication obstacle. For expatriate managers, effective communication helps them to become more efficient in the workplace, reduce their emotional stress, and ultimately aid them to complete the cultural adjustment successfully (Seymen, 2006).The following section will discuss more on methodology. At methodology researcher will highlight about the method that will be used to collect data. CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3. 0Introduction This chapter is exploring about the methodology of this research. It involves the process of conducting the research which is research design that consist of purpose of the study, types of investigation, study setting, unit of analysis, sampling design, data collection method, measurement and data analysis technique. 3. 1Purpose of study In this research, it falls under descriptive research.Descriptive research is undertaken in order to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of the variables of interest in a situation (Sekaran, 2010). Here, this study will try to determine and describe the major factor that influence effectiveness working environment among employees. It undertaken to understand whether managing cultural diversity among employees can create effectiveness working environment by apply training program, inclusive work environment, avoid stereotype and increase communicating skill among employees. . 2Type of inv estigation Correlation study involved in this study which is researcher interested in explaining the important variables associated with the problem. In this study researcher wants to investigate whether the independent variable have relationship with dependent variables. 3. 3Study Setting This study falls into non-contrived setting category. Non-contrived known as a research can be done in natural environment where work proceeds normally.Researchers do the research to know the effectiveness in managing cultural diversity among employees on the working performance by avoid stereotypes, give effective training program, inclusive working environment and lastly, communicating skills with staff. 3. 4Unit of analysis The unit of analysis refers to the level of aggregation of the data collected during the subsequent data analysis stage (Sekaran, 2010). Here the unit of analysis is an individual. The problem statement focuses in managing cultural diversity among employees, either it is eff ective or not.For this purpose, data will have to be collected from each individual staff member works in hotel industries in Malaysia through questionnaire answered by them. 3. 5Sampling Design Sampling is the process of selecting a sufficient number of the right elements from the population, so that a study of the sample and an understanding of its properties or characteristics make it possible for us to generalize such properties or characteristics to the population elements (Sekaran, 2010). 3. 5. 1PopulationAccording to Sekaran, (2010) population refers to the entire group of people, events or things of interest that the researcher wishes to investigate. In this study, the population is employees who worked in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area. The researchers want to select only from difference 3 types of hotels in Kuala Lumpur area that consists of 3, 4 and 5 Stars of hotel. 3. 5. 2Sample Size Sample is a subset of the population that compromise some members selected from it. It is not all but only some elements of the population from the sample (Sekaran, 2010).In this study, the sample size determined based on Uma Sekaran. Sample for this study are 60 employees in 3 hotels that we have been selected which mean 20 samples of employees from each of the hotel in Kuala Lumpur area. 3. 5. 3Sampling Techniques 3. 6 Data collection method 3. 7Research Instrument 3. 8Data analysis techniques This research will use one of the statistical analysis packages that are Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) to analyze the data will be collected from respondents. By using this software, it will help the researcher in determining the best statistical techniques. CONCLUSIONCultural diversity has become a hot-button issue when applied to the workplace (Kimberly Amadeo, 2012). What is cultural diversity in the workplace? Culture refers to the values, norms, and traditions that affect the way a member of a group typically perceives , thinks, interacts, behaves, and makes judgments (Richard T. Alpert, 1992). Diversity is generally defined as acknowledging, understanding, accepting, valuing, and celebrating differences among people with respect to ages, class, ethnicity, gender, physical and mental ability, race, sexual orientation, spiritual practice, and public assistance status (Esty, et al. 1995). Hence, cultural diversity is when differences in race, ethnicity, language, nationality, religion, and sexual orientation are represented within a community. A community is said to be culturally diverse if its residents include members of different groups. The community can be a country, region or city (Kimberly Amadeo, 2012). Literature reviews starting with create an inclusive work environment, avoid stereotyping, and apply training program and communicating with staffs for the effectiveness in working environment.In methodology section, it involves the process of conducting the research such as data collection m ethod, research design, measurement of variable, sample frame, sample size, sampling techniques, and followed by data analysis techniques. References 1. Gong, Yi. (2008). Managing cultural diversity in hospitality industry. University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Retrieved from http://digitalscholarship. unlv. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1510&context=thesesdissertations&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. google. com. y%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dmanaging%2520cultural%2520diver sity%2520in%2520hospitality%2520industry%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D1%26ved%3D0CDUQFjAA%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fdigitalscholarship. unlv. edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent. cgi%253Farticle%253D1510%2526context%253Dthesesdissertations%26ei%3DNnPXUOnpMMLrrQeVjYGICw%26usg%3DAFQjCNHirR665qOBrjsRIylCrArc7q6hYQ#search=%22managing%20cultural%20diversity%20hospitality%20industry%22 2. Gardenswartz, L. , & Rowe, A. The effective management of cultural diversity Retrieved from http://www. agepub. com/upm-data/26078_pt2. p df 3. Al-Jenaibi, B. (2012). The scope and impact of workplace diversity in the United Arab Emirates – A preliminary study. Geografia online Malaysia Journal of Society and Space(1), 1-14. 4. Human resource strategies for employers. (2008). Employing a diverse workforce: making it work. Retrieved from http://alis. alberta. ca/pdf/cshop/employdiverse. pdf 5. Amadeo, K. (2012). Cultural diversity. Retrieved from http://useconomy. about. com/od/suppl1/g/Cultural-Diversity. htm . Green, K. A. , Lopez, M. , Wysocki, A. , & Kepner, K. (2012). Diversity in the workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools. Retrieved from http://edis. ifas. ufl. edu/hr022 7. Syed, J. , & F. Ozbilgin, M. (2010). Managing Cultural Diversity in Asia: A Research Companion (pp. 556). Retrieved from http://books. google. com. my/books? id=bKW8_RhVwkEC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=Malaysia+is+one+of+the+most+culturally+and+economically+diverse+regions+of+the+world+(Fisher,+1996). amp;source=bl&o ts=Mr_CoDtCTd&sig=c2mPgfMMHlH0KKAR1MS9jhwiCUs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YITXUIiGLYrirAe7joDwBw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Malaysia%20is%20one%20of%20the%20most%20culturally%20and%20economically%20diverse%20regions%20of%20the%20world%20(Fisher%2C%201996). &f=false 8. Malaysia – Ethnic groups. (2012). In Encyclopedia of the Nations. Retrieved from http://www. nationsencyclopedia. com/Asia-and-Oceania/Malaysia-ETHNIC-GROUPS. html#b 9. Dhunna, R. (2009). Managing Diversity. Available from http://www. slideshare. net/humaapkeliye/managing-diversity-1280026

Culture, Values and Communications

We live in the humanity of demanding worldwide rations. We comprise the aptitude to communicate with the populace thousands miles apart at the flicker of an eye. Though this looks and is, to nearly all, a splendid supremacy to be appreciated, it can be for a few a world bewilderment and aggravation started by their own observations and values. These obstacles to culture assortment subsist because of the ways in which dissimilar cultures ease acuity and values concerning other and themselves.Culture can be depicted as the arrangement through which communication can be invented and sporadic. Culture pacts with the manner people live. Culture is well-read through perception that is shaped in a variety of ways, where we are born and hoisted, the language we study, the people and the surroundings with which we exist and the psychosomatic spur we stumble upon. Reasonably, with the intention of successfully converse with other customs, we should first see the sights to which we pledge to re cognize the ways that we present obstacles distinguish culture variations.Culture usually refers to guides of human bustle and the figurative arrangements that give such actions significance and magnitude. Cultures can be â€Å"understood as classifications of signs and gist that even their maker’s challenge that is short of preset limits, that are continuously in fluctuation, and that interrelate and contend with one another† Culture can be cleared as all the ways of life as well as arts, beliefs and institutions of a inhabitants those are approved down from generation to generation.Culture has been called â€Å"the manner of life for a whole civilization. † As such, it comprises rules of etiquettes, outfit, language, religious conviction, customs, and games, norms of behavior such as law and ethics, and schemes of belief as well as the art. Great societies often have subcultures, or factions of group with separate sets of manners and beliefs that distinguish t hem from a larger culture of which they are a component. The subculture may be idiosyncratic because of the age of its members, or by their race, traditions, class, or sexual category.The traits that establish a subculture as divergent may be artistic, spiritual, professional, opinionated, sexual or a mixture of these factors. Local cultures of the world arise equally by realm and ethnic group and more largely, by bigger regional distinctions. Resemblances in culture frequently happen in geologically close by peoples. Many regional cultures have been prejudiced by get in touch with with others, such as by colonization, trade, migration, mass media, and religion. Culture is vibrant and changes over time.In doing so, cultures attract external influences and amend to altering surroundings and technologies. Thus, culture is reliant on communication. Local cultures alter swiftly with new communications and transportation technologies that permit for better movement of people and thoughts among cultures. An individual and cultural worth is a relative ethic value, a supposition upon which execution can be extrapolated. A value system is a set of constant values and procedures. A standard value is a base upon which other principles and procedures of honesty are based.Values are considered slanted and differ across people and cultures. Types of values comprise ethical/moral norms, doctrinal/ideological (political, religious) values, communal values, and artistic values. It is debated whether some values are inherent. Individual principles develop from conditions with the external world and can alter over time. His reliability in the application of values refers to its permanence; persons have reliability if they relate their values fittingly regardless of arguments or negative fortification from others.Values are applied suitably when they are practical in the correct area. For example, it would be suitable to concern religious values in times of contentment and in tim es of desolation. Personal values developed early in life perhaps opposed to modify. They may be derivative from those of meticulous groups or systems, such as customs, religion, and political party. Nevertheless, personal standards are not widespread; one's relations, inhabitants, generation and chronological surroundings help settle on one's personal values.This is not to utter that the value perceptions themselves are not collective, simply that each individual have a sole origin of them i. e. an individual acquaintance of the suitable values for their individual genes, manners and skills. Values are linked to the customs of a civilization, but they are more broad and conceptual than norms. Norms are set of laws for deeds in particular circumstances, whereas values recognize what should be umpired as fine or awful. Flying the national flag on a festival is a custom, but it reveals the value of loyalty.Wearing dark clothing and emerging somber are normative behaviors at an interme nt. They imitate the values of reverence and sustain of associates and relatives. Communication is the procedure of stabbing to pass on information from a dispatcher to a recipient with the use of a means. Communication entails that all parties have a region of forthcoming harmony. There are aural means, such as speaking, singing and at times tenor of voice, and nonverbal, substantial way, such as body language, sign lingo, paralanguage, touch, eye contact, or the use of testing.Communication is cleared as a procedure by which we allocate and express sense in an effort to generate communal accepting. This procedure needs an enormous inventory of talents in intrapersonal and interpersonal dispensation, listening, examining, communicating, inquiring, investigating, and assessing. Use of these processes is developmental and moves to all areas of life residence, school, society, employment, and afar. It is through communication that association and assistance arise.

Absolute Beginner English Personal Information

Absolute Beginner English Personal Information Once English students can spell and count, they can also begin giving personal information such as their address and telephone number. This activity also helps students learn to answer common personal information questions that may be asked in job interviews or when filling out forms.   Personal Information Questions Here are some of the most common personal information questions that students might be asked. Start simple with the verb be  and target simple answers which are shown below.  Its a good idea to write each question and answer pair on the board, or, if possible, create a class handout for reference. What is your telephone number?   -  My telephone number is 567-9087. What is your cell phone number? -  My cell phone / smart phone number is 897-5498. What is your address?- My address is / I live at 5687 NW 23rd St. What is your email address? -  My email address is   Where are you from? -  I am from Iraq / China / Saudi Arabia. How old are you? -  I am 34 years old. / I am thirty-four. What is your marital status? / Are you married? -  I am married / single / divorced / in a relationship.   Once students have gained confidence with simple answers, move on to more general questions about daily life with the present simple  do. Continue with  do you like  questions for  hobbies, likes and dislikes: Who do you live with? -  I live alone / with my family / with a roommate. What do you do? -  I am a teacher / student / electrician. Where do you work? -  I work at a bank / in an office / in a factory. What are your hobbies? -  I like playing tennis. / I like movies.   Finally, ask questions with  can  so that students can practice speaking about abilities: Can you drive? -  Yes, I can / No, I cant  drive. Can you use a computer? -  Yes, I can / No, I cant  use a computer. Can you speak Spanish? -  Yes, I can / No, I cant  speak Spanish. Starting Off Classroom Conversations   What is Your Phone Number? Practice personal information questions by using this simple technique to help students both answer and ask questions.Begin by asking for a students telephone number. Once youve begin, ask the student to continue by asking another student. Before you begin, model the target question and answer:   Teacher:  What is your telephone number? My telephone number is 586-0259. Next, have students participate by asking one of your best students about their phone number. Instruct that student to ask another student. Continue until all students have asked and answered. Teacher:  Susan, hi, how are you? Student: Hi, Im fine. Teacher: What is your telephone number? Student:   My telephone number is 587-8945. Student:   Susan, ask Paolo. Susan:   Hi Paolo, how are you? Paolo:  Hi, Im fine. Susan:  What is your telephone number? Paolo:  My telephone number is 786-4561. What is Your Address? Once students are comfortable giving their telephone number, they should focus on their address. This might cause a problem due to the pronunciation of street names. Before you begin, write an address on the board. Ask students to write their own addresses on a piece of paper. Go around the room and help students with individual pronunciation issues so they feel more comfortable before beginning the exercise. Once again, begin by modeling the correct question and response: Teacher:   What is your address? My address is 45 Green Street.   Once students have understood. Begin by asking one of your stronger students. They should then ask another student and so on. Teacher:   Susan, hi, how are you? Student:  Hi, Im fine. Teacher:   What is your address? Student:  My address is 32 14th Avenue. Teacher:   Susan, ask Paolo. Susan:   Hi Paolo, how are you? Paolo:Hi, Im fine. Susan:  What is your address? Paolo:  My address is 16 Smith Street. Continuing with  Personal Information - Bringing It All Together The final part should make students proud. Combine the phone number and address into a longer conversation asking about nationality, jobs, and other simple questions from information that students have already studied. Practice these short conversations with all of the questions you provided on your worksheet.  Ask students to continue the activity with partners around the class. Teacher:   Susan, hi, how are you? Student: Hi, Im fine. Teacher:   What is your address? Student:  My address is 32 14th Avenue. Teacher:   What is your telephone number? Student:  My telephone number is 587-8945. Teacher:   Where are you from? Student:  Im from Russia. Teacher:  Are you American? Student:  No, Im not American. Im Russian. Teacher:   What are you? Student: Im a nurse. Teacher:   What are your hobbies? Student:  I like playing tennis. This is just one lesson of a series of  absolute  beginner lessons.  More advanced students can practice speaking on the telephone with these dialogues. You can also help students by going over basic numbers in English during the lesson.

Simple strategies for clear written communication, The Actuary - Emphasis

Simple strategies for clear written communication, The Actuary Simple strategies for clear written communication, The Actuary For most actuaries, its a love of maths, statistics, probabilities and risk analysis that draws them into the profession. However, once theyve been fully trained in these hard skills, working life throws up new challenges. If youre a consulting actuary, for example, youll often have to explain complex ideas to clients who are not experts in the field. And even if you work in-house, explaining your work to colleagues is a crucial part of your role. So mastering communication is essential. And since these days we use written communication more than weve ever done before, you need to be able to write and to write well. Being able to explain yourself clearly and write in plain English can help you to gain credibility and increases the perceived value of your work. In turn, this will help ensure your clients or colleagues realise that what you do is an integral part of the organisation. Writing is a core professional skill that must be learned and then continually improved. The demands of business writing and the rigours of producing professional reports are very different from the English learnt at school. It should come as no surprise then that the actuarial profession have changed the CA3 Communications syllabus for trainees, in order to focus on writing for a non-actuarial audience. The Institute of Actuaries and The Faculty of Actuaries have introduced a residential course and workbook to help give students support and practice in this type of writing before they take the written exam. They have recognised that many students struggle with this module and they want to ensure that actuaries are able to express their ideas confidently through writing. Employers are also putting more and more emphasis on writing skills. Firms such as Hewitt and Hymans Robertson have commissioned specialist writing-training programmes for their actuarial staff, for example. So what can you do in practice? Well, imagine that you have completed a report on corporate pensions. You need to present it to a client who has staffing issues, an upcoming annual general meeting to prepare for and several other reports to read. The bottom line is that he is only interested in the financial implications of your search. You need to make an impact and ensure that your ideas are fully understood. If you get the communication wrong, you could lose valuable business. Trainees will soon have to complete an orally-based presentations module as part of their exams. But for trainees and qualified actuaries alike, explaining actuarial mathematics to a layperson is not an easy prospect. And the better you can become at communicating your ideas, the more effective you will be as an actuary. Training doesnt end when you qualify and learning writing techniques can make all the difference to your professional life. Here are the top tips for improving your written communication: Put the reader first Presenting complex figures, modelling techniques or probability theories doesnt have to be a daunting prospect. The answer is to think carefully about your audience and avoid a one size fits all approach. Ask yourself the following questions: What is the document about? Who will read it? How much do they already know about the subject? What do they absolutely need to know? How important is the subject to them? How interested are they in the subject? Dont include absolutely everything about a piece of research or a new idea. Instead, pare down to the main points and write them in plain English. This doesnt mean that you need to dumb down or be patronising, though. The message is to be as clear and precise as possible, and this means using technical language where appropriate. Jargon doesnt have to be avoided at all costs. Just make sure that your audience understand the technical terms youre using. (And always bear in mind that they may no less than they care to admit.) The aim is to save the reader time and wasted effort in trying to decipher unclear prose. Try to picture your reader with your document. If youre writing for a trustee, for instance, its likely theyll have to read several reports before a meeting. So, make sure that your introduction grabs the readers attention. Immediately convey your conclusions and recommendations with a concise, powerful executive summary. It doesnt matter whether youre writing a report, memo, letter or speech. Ask yourself what you want the reader to do when they have read the document. If you want them to take an action, you need to be direct. Clarify your main message Always offer a clear viewpoint. Keep asking yourself what you really want to communicate. It can seem like dangerous ground to express an opinion but its likely that your clients will see it as refreshing. Do this by using the active voice. So say, We predict a decline in employee pension provision, rather than Employee pension provision is predicted to decline. Keep it short Keep your sentences short and simple and avoid flowery phrases. There is no limit on the amount of full stops you can use. Aim for an average length of 15-20 words and an absolute maximum of 35. And stick to the rule of one sentence, one idea. Pay attention to structure If youre worried about structuring your ideas, the questions: what?, where?, when?, how?, why? and who? are useful prompts. When you know what you want to communicate, and why, you can then lay out your core idea first, and expand on it in the rest of the document. Proofread every piece of work Its easy to neglect to read through a document carefully once its finished. Dont. If at all possible, leave at least a day before you read it, to put some distance between you and the content. Otherwise youll read what you think it says, not what it actually does. Love, as they say, is blind. Look out for fuzzy thoughts, typos or badly-worded phrases. And make sure that you check the grammar, punctuation and spelling. Microsoft Words spellcheck doesnt know whether you mean peak or peek. Writing the wrong word can completely change your intended meaning and affect how your work is received. Robert Ashton is the Chief Executive of Emphasis.

Louis XIV Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Louis XIV - Essay Example Also important was his concept of himself which enabled him to rule by Divine right, and the philosophies of the time that supported his notions. Louis was five years old when he sat on the throne with the regency of Cardinal Jules Mazarin, against whom the nobles and the Paris Parlement (a powerful law court), rose in 1648 at the beginning of the long civil war known as the Fronde.In the course of this war, Louis suffered humiliation,poverty, misfortune, fear, cold, and hunger, because he had to often leave his place in Paris and go into hiding for his own safety.These early experiences led him to have a lifelong mistrust in the nobility, they taught him that the nobility was one of the greatest threats to a French king and inspired him to set about implementing his absolutist concepts. Being a devout Catholic, he had no trouble in imagining that he was an agent ordained by God himself to rule the kingdom and made great efforts to cultivate an image for himself that was based on myth and legend, as well as on reason and political legitimacy. Louis chose the sun as his personal emblem, signifying that he was the source of all benevolence in the kingdom and that the entire world, including the nobles, revolved around him, and he soon came to be known across all Europe as the "Sun King". "On June 5th, 1662, a procession of monkeys, bears, nobles, and slaves, spiralled through the streets of Paris in celebration of the glory of Louis XIV. ......the king was represented as the serene and uncontested master of the world; each noble carried a shield bearing a device which affirmed his absolute subjugation to Louis Dieu-donne figured as the sun." (Lynn, 1998) Louis' concept received further legitimacy in his status as agent of God in the work of those like Thomas Hobbes and Jacques-Bnigne Bossuet, who argued that monarchy was the most natural and ancient form of government , and since kings receive their power and sanction from God, their authority was absolute and unchallenged. "The power of God makes itself felt in a moment from one extremity of the earth to another. Royal power works at the same time throughout all the realm. It holds all the realm in position, as God holds the earth. Should God withdraw his hand, the earth would fall to pieces; should the king's authority cease in the realm, all would be in confusion." (Bossuet, 1679) This belief in absolute authority, a megalomania of sorts, reinforced the monarch's stance on the nobility, as they represented a threat to his power and security on the throne.Nobles before Louis' reign were feudal lords, and had the means to raise private armies. This was because the lesser nobles acted as the king's agents and in his name collected taxes, posted edicts and dispensed justice. They and their overlords, the higher nobility, provided armies to the king in times of war as the kings before Louis did not possess a standing army of their own. The higher nobles could also build their own fortifications, which gave them the power to hold their ground if they rose against the king.Louis realized that if the nobility continued to hold so much influence, not only will they tend to rebel and create disorder, he himself would be accorded the status of first among equals, and this he found totally