Hendrix Essays (224 words) - Jimi Hendrix, Music, Free Essays

Hendrix Essays (224 words) - Jimi Hendrix, Music, Free Essays Hendrix Jimi Hendrix Jimi Hendrix Jimi Hendrix lived his life as a Musician, Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter. He also pioneered the electric guitar, a right handed Fender Strat, upside-down and left-handed. He was one of the most original and influential people of all time. James Marshall Hendrix was born November 27, 1942 in Seattle, Washington. He taught himself to play in his school boy days. He then enlisted himself in the Army as a parachute jumper, but an injury led to discharge. He then became a session guitarist known as Jimmy James. After gigging with Little Richard in 1964, he got entangled in a contract dispute and left to form his own band, Jimmy James and the Blue Flames. One night at a New York club, Chas Chandler encountered him and in the fall of 1966, took him to London. After Making several albums including; Axis: Bold as Love and Electric Ladyland, Hendrix and bassist Redding grew apart and intoxicated by over-indulgence in drugs, Hendrix thought that Management was cheating him. In 1 969 the Experience disbanded. In the summer of 69 he played at woodstock. He later formed the Band of Gypsies, and started a double album in the mid-1970s, but was never finished when he died September 18, 1970, due to inhalation of vomit after barbiturate intoxication.

Putitans model society essays

Putitans model society essays The Putiian wanted to create a model society based soley on religion. The aspirations which led the Puritans to New England were, tge Puritans wanted to purify the Aglican church also they wanted to set up an utopian society based on how they thought the Aglican church should be ran: the Puritans did not completley fulfill theier aspirations, While in England the Puritans believed that the Aglican church was changing in ways they did not like and they wanted to change things, therefore leadinf them to America. During the 17th century, the New England Puritans tried to create a model society based on their dis-like for the Anglican church. The Puritans believed that the Aglican Church had become Catholic, they wanted to purify the Anglican CHurch and get rif of the Catholic influence. The Puritans believed that id they came to New England, and create a model society them the Anglican Church would call them back to England to purify the church. They had thier own constituion so the king and Parliment could not intervene of destory the utopian society that they were trying to create. The utopian soceity the Puritans wanted was based on the Aglican Churcb with out the Catholic influences. The utopian society they wanted was based n religion. They wanted a model society based on the Biblw and other believes they belived were religiously right. The Puritans did not exactly fulfill what they wanted top accomplish. They did not accomplish a utopian society based on religion becasue the British interfered and the Aglican church in England never asked them to come back. The utopian society they wanted to create, was not as great as they wished it would have been. Yhe ideas they had about purifing the Anglican Church did not go as planned. They were hoping that the Aglican church would call them back to England, England never did. The aspirations they wanted were not fulfill to the extent they had wanted. ...

Benefits of Developing Solid Government and Contractor Relationships Research Paper - 1

Benefits of Developing Solid Government and Contractor Relationships - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that governments need the help of contractors because governments do not have ample employees to function and also lack the sets of skills required for government operations; the GAO (government accountability office) in the United States of America came up with these findings in a survey in 1991. Now this need to depend on contractors may increase as the government functioning areas are getting wider and so are the skills required in operating those areas, but the number of federal employees possessing such wide range of skills is not increasing; since 1991 to 2004 the OPM (office of personnel management) estimated that the civilian workforce in federal government has decreased by 13 percent. The business relationship that exists between the government and the contractors provides both with a tendency to grow with mutual interests at the core of the business relationship. But it is crucial for Government employees to understand that the na ture of work they do is sensitive and a certain degree of risk is always there when treating the contractual employees as members of their team and should refrain from partiality or preference. Certain rules and guideline must be ensured between the two parties so that a solid and reliable relationship between the two is created; leading to the mutual success of both. The government personnel falls under the law and regulations of the federal government and the employees of the contractor fall under their contractor's contract. A solid working environment between the contractors and government ensures benefit to both. The business relationship between government and contractors allows for a mutual base for achieving shared goals and objectives when subjected to successful planning, and it is necessary for the employees of both the contractor and government to understand these goals and responsibilities. Shared vision and mission are also termed as Partnering.

Pirate ship theme party for kids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pirate ship theme party for kids - Essay Example The guests’ tour in the ship along with planned events would be calculated in advance. Upon enterance there would be a treasure hunt expedition where the guests would be given a series of clues and instructions in order to search for the treasure. As guests would mingle with staff in the ship, they would be engaged in numerous activities such as games such as paintball, puzzles or trick games, pirate shows and other activities like music, dance and food. Time-consuming activities such as search for treasures or paint-ball will have a great effect on the fun quotient of children as they would engage in the party and lose sense of time. How is staff used to create the sense of theatre created? ? Of the four realms of experience provided by Pine and Gilmore, the Pirate theme would be designed as Escapist with active levels of participation and emersion. Firstly, all the staff will be dressed in pirate costumes to induce a feeling of being in a pirated ship. Most of the staff woul d be wearing uniforms of capitan, officers and ordinary seamen. Adapting the real diversity of Pirates, the staff would speak in a number of accents such as English, American, West Indian, Scottish and Spanish. Other theatrics adopted by the staff in creating a sense of theatre are the use of props such as parrots, pistols, swords, playing cards, box of jewels, board games, dices, musical instruments such as harmonica and fake tobacco. Frequently the staff would engage guests in trick games, converse with them in their accents and show them their visual props. There will also be sound effects in background as lightening or splashes of water, sea storm or voices from another ship. Is the guest‘s role is explained? ? The concept of Experience Economy as explained by Pine and Gilmore dwells upon two particular dimensions of the experience – customer participation, and connection. The escapist realm of Pirate theme experience would actively engage guests by explaining them their part and making them aware that they are active participants of the theme. The guest will be prepared for the role by dressing up as a pirate. Purposefully, each guest would be classified into pirate camps and given different dresses such as a Carribean pirate, an English pirate (seaman) or a Welsh officer. Variations would also be made by giving them different hats, eye patches, beads, hairdos, swords and other accessories. To complete their get-up as a pirate, kids will have a make-up session with their face airbrushed and dark eyes. Before entering the ship, guests would receive a small bag of their belongings including some fake jewels, their prized possessions, tips on playing games and winning treasures etc. Is the proposed transformation of the guest explained? The proposed transformation of kids into a Pirated Ship will be based upon the following activities: Costume designing: Both guests and staff would be wearing pirate themed costumes giving a sense of seventeenth century era. Five Senses: All senses of guests would be stimulated such as Owning pistols (Touch), Pirate ship/costumes/parrots (Sight), Lightening and ship sounds (Hearing), Smell of fresh paint/wood (Smell) and Sea-food (Taste). Games: There will be a number of games such as board and dice games, ship adventure games that will help transform kids into the world of pirates. Pirate Ship Environment: The Pirate Ship Environment such as wooden planks, presence of water, ship sirens, maps and compasses will also assist in guests’

The historical and institutional factors Essay Example for Free

The historical and institutional factors Essay The historical and institutional factors that contributed to the differences between the current German party system and the one that existed under the Weimar Republic One of the first major ways in which the current German party differs from that of the Weimar republic concerns the way in which democracy was formed. Whilst the current system was created through a constitution that received the respect and support of all the political parties concerned, the Weimar Republic was formed as a direct result of Germany’s defeat during the second world war. Although the Weimar Republic attempted to create a democratic Germany the economic downturn caused by the repercussions of the First World War entailed that it was difficult for political developments to take hold. The Germany politicians were forced to accept of the Versailles Treaty in 1911 and the inclusion of the ‘War Guilt Clause’ led to compulsory reparations to be paid to the alies. The agreement to this treaty caused a major split between the political parties and the extreme right were able to utiilise this to create an unstable political system. A further difference between the two political entities can be observed in the economic backdrop to their position. Not only did the Versaille Treaty have a crippling effect on the German economy, they were heavily dependent on foreign investment, loans and economic prosperity from the United States. In this vulnerable position the Weimar Republic’s existence was reliant on outside investment, which came crashing to a halt during the Wall Street crash of 1929. Post Wall Street Germany was a country that suffered from mass unemployment, homelessness and hunger and was crippled economically and, by 1933, the economy stood on the brink of collapse, with an economy which should, realistically, have long since declared itself bankrupt (Frei 163). The current German party however, is operational in very different circumstances. Their economy is one of the most advanced market economies and they are largely export led (World Bank, 2007). The people of Germany have a faith in their political system that wasn’t in evidence during the time of the Weimar. Another difference between the two political entities concerns the attitudes and beliefs of the people they governed. During the times of the Weimar, the far right was extremely prominent and had great power through the support they received from the wealthy constitutents (Childers 46). Through such power they were able to instugate violences and coups. Today people more readily accept regime and acknowledge its legitimacy. Extreme right wing politics have been legislated against and radical right wing parties are banned from power. It wasn’t just economic conditions which caused the Weimar Republic to be weak. The Republic also suffered from structural weaknesses. One example of this concerned Article 48 of the constitution which conferred dictatorial powers upon the President during an emergency and did not require collaboration and agreement with the Reichstag ministers. Furthermore, the constitution installed a system of proportional representation which resulted in the multiplication of small splinter parties.This meant that a stable minority in the Reichstag was impossible and there were frequent changes in government. Works Cited: Childers, Thomas. The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919-1933, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1983 Total GDP 2007 World Bank. Retrieved on September 17, 2008 from http://siteresources. worldbank. org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP. pdf Frei, Norbert. National Socialist Rule in Germany. Translated by Joel Golb . New York Columbia University Press , 2002

Wildlife on and Around Airfields :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The danger of wildlife, particularly birds, on and around airfields has become a major issue on military bases. Hour upon hour is spent researching and testing methods to protect the wildlife, personnel, and aircraft. Despite these gallant efforts there are thousands of mishaps every year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the past, the effect on the environment and its living creatures wasn’t a top issue when building military bases. Unquestionably, it has been a concern though. Since flying first became a reality, documented safety reports go back as far as eighty-eighty years. As a result of not making it a number one priority, today we have problems with environmental organizations under the Endangered Species Act and millions of dollars are spent on scientific systems and even more lost to accidents and fines. There was no way obviously when airfields were being constructed that the significance of this matter could have been predicted. However, with a little more effort years ago and not just within the last twenty, many hazards could have been avoided.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because of the numerous wildlife strikes to aircraft, literally millions of dollars in damaged parts are spent and millions are lost to complete destruction to aircraft. On the average, 3,126 strikes are reported each year by the military at nearly an average cost of $12,000 per case. This has led to over $700 million dollars lost or spent on aircraft over the past 20 years. Over all, the United States alone has lost $300 million annually, so you can tell the problem is not a small matter. Equally important are the fines handed out. Such as the case involving an international airport in France, where a flock of birds that was feasting on a carcass was neither reported nor removed before a jetliner was to depart. The plane received damage when it attempted to take-off but avoided serious consequences by shutting down just before the end of the runway. The airport was fined $3,000,000. Along with the financial losses, there have been several injuries and, more importantly, human fatalities. Possibly the most dramatic military incident was one in which several birds flew into a plane cruising at a high altitude. Damage was done to the engines and cockpit windows, causing the plane to crash and kill all 24 passengers. Over the past 30 years, a total of 37 Air Force aircraft have been completely destroyed, bringing along with it 35 fatalities. Wildlife on and Around Airfields :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The danger of wildlife, particularly birds, on and around airfields has become a major issue on military bases. Hour upon hour is spent researching and testing methods to protect the wildlife, personnel, and aircraft. Despite these gallant efforts there are thousands of mishaps every year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the past, the effect on the environment and its living creatures wasn’t a top issue when building military bases. Unquestionably, it has been a concern though. Since flying first became a reality, documented safety reports go back as far as eighty-eighty years. As a result of not making it a number one priority, today we have problems with environmental organizations under the Endangered Species Act and millions of dollars are spent on scientific systems and even more lost to accidents and fines. There was no way obviously when airfields were being constructed that the significance of this matter could have been predicted. However, with a little more effort years ago and not just within the last twenty, many hazards could have been avoided.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because of the numerous wildlife strikes to aircraft, literally millions of dollars in damaged parts are spent and millions are lost to complete destruction to aircraft. On the average, 3,126 strikes are reported each year by the military at nearly an average cost of $12,000 per case. This has led to over $700 million dollars lost or spent on aircraft over the past 20 years. Over all, the United States alone has lost $300 million annually, so you can tell the problem is not a small matter. Equally important are the fines handed out. Such as the case involving an international airport in France, where a flock of birds that was feasting on a carcass was neither reported nor removed before a jetliner was to depart. The plane received damage when it attempted to take-off but avoided serious consequences by shutting down just before the end of the runway. The airport was fined $3,000,000. Along with the financial losses, there have been several injuries and, more importantly, human fatalities. Possibly the most dramatic military incident was one in which several birds flew into a plane cruising at a high altitude. Damage was done to the engines and cockpit windows, causing the plane to crash and kill all 24 passengers. Over the past 30 years, a total of 37 Air Force aircraft have been completely destroyed, bringing along with it 35 fatalities.

Research Method on Culture

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 0Introduction In order to provide a clear insight into this study, this chapter starts with the background of the study, problem statement, purpose of the study, research objective, research question, research hypothesis, significance of the study, study of framework, and the outline for chapter 2 and chapter 3. This chapter outline about an overview of managing cultural diversity among employees toward the effectiveness working environment in hotel industry in Malaysia. Subsequent sections deal with contribution of the study to the literature and discuss the structure and the research design of the proposal. 1. Background of the study Cultural diversity has become a hot-button issue when applied to the workplace (Kimberly Amadeo, 2012). What is cultural diversity in the workplace? Culture refers to the values, norms, and traditions that affect the way a member of a group typically perceives, thinks, interacts, behaves, and makes judgments (Alpert, 1992). Di versity is generally defined as acknowledging, understanding, accepting, valuing, and celebrating differences among people with respect to ages, class, ethnicity, gender, physical and mental ability, race, sexual orientation, spiritual practice, and public assistance status (Esty, 1995).Hence, cultural diversity is when differences in race, ethnicity, language, nationality, religion, and sexual orientation are represented within a community. A community is said to be culturally diverse if its residents include members of different groups. The community can be a country, region or city (Kimberly Amadeo, 2012). Malaysia is one of the most culturally and economically diverse regions of the world (Fisher, 1996). Malaysia is one of the most diverse countries in terms of ethnicity, religion, spirituality, language, and culture (Malaysia Info, 2009).Ethnicity refers to shared cultural practices, perspectives, and distinctions that set apart one group of people from another (Cliffnote, n. d . ). The population of Malaysia consists of three main ethnic groups—Malays, Chinese, and peoples of the South Asian subcontinent (Encyclopedia of the nations, 2012). Religion originates in an attempt to represent and order beliefs, feelings, imagining and actions that arise in response to direct experience of the sacred and the spiritual (Connelly, 1996). The official religion of Malaysia is Islam, and is practiced by the majority of Malays, and a portion of the Indian community.Under the constitution, other races are free to practice any religion in an atmosphere of acceptance and tolerance. The other main religions include Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Christianity (Expatgomalaysia, 201). The essence of spirituality is the search to know our real self, to discover the true nature of consciousness (Russell, 2006). Language is a human system of communication that uses arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols ( Nordquist, 2012). Hence, managing diversity in the workplace is a challenge for any manager, but it can be accomplished using some basic tools.Managers need to go above and beyond their comfort level to develop knowledge about cultural difference and sensitivity to diversity issues. Take a leap and establish relationships at work with individuals who are different from them. The more natural thing is for people to surround themselves with individuals who are similar to them. By building relationships with individuals with different backgrounds, they will learn about the talent and knowledge they can add to the organization ( Noe, 2009). Cultural diversity is broad concept in hotel industry in Malaysia.Employing a diverse workforce give benefit in higher productivity, lower employee turnover, better understanding of client, and enhanced corporate reputation (Employing a diverse workforce: making it work, 2008). Managed well, diversity provides benefits that increase effectiveness in working environment. However, when ignored or mismanaged, it brings challenges and obstacles that can hinder the organization’s ability to effective (Gardenswartz & Rowe, n. d. ). 1. 2 Problem statement Managing cultural diversity is becoming an issue in the hotel industry especially to Human Resource manager (Holaday, 2007).The improper managing cultural diversity among employees will create less effective in working environment. When ignored or mismanaged, it brings challenges and obstacles that can hinder the organization’s ability to effective and success (Gardenswartz & Rowe, n. d. ). The previous researcher Al-Jenaib said that diversity can also lead to miscommunication, dysfunctional adaptation behaviors and the creation of barriers that reduce the benefits diversity can bring to the organization (Al-Jenaib, 2012). Plus, cultural diversity can create stereotype perception and exclusive work environment.Area of concern about this study is to managing cultural diversity among employees to improve the effectiveness in working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area. Numerous studies have been conducted in other countries outside Malaysia in managing cultural diversity among employees but there is limited studies were found regarding managing cultural diversity among employees towards the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia only that focused on Kuala Lumpur area.This study is importance to provide benefits to the organization in Kuala Lumpur area that come from the diverse employees to give the effectiveness working environment. The previous studies highlighted that managing workplace diversity has become a priority concern among organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) today. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is under increased pressure to appropriately employ and manage people of diverse cultural and racial backgrounds (Walck, 1995).Furthermore, there is as more and more minority groups enter the hos pitality industry of the United States, such as the group generations of African American, Hispanic Origin, and Asian, managing cultural diversity is becoming a challenging issue in this industry, especially to HR managers (Holaday, 2007). Yi Gong, (2008) has mentioned in his studies that related study needs to be conducted to facilitate the industry to understand the opportunities and advantages of successfully managing cultural diversity.Meanwhile, the program of action to increase general awareness of cultural diversity should be created to support the company policy (Baum, 2007). They should also be given training to increase their knowledge and skills to dealing with people having different cultural backgrounds (Baum, 2007). 1. 3 Purpose of the study The purpose of this study is to determine managing cultural diversity among employees towards the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area.Four major related variables be ing tested in this research consists of create an inclusive work environment, avoid stereotyping, applying training program and communicating with staffs for the effectiveness in working environment. 1. 4 Research objective As the issue of the study had been identified, the objectives of the study that had been derived are as follows: 1. To identify the major factor in managing cultural diversity among employees that give effect to the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area 2.To explore the benefit in managing cultural diversity among employees that give effect to the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area 1. 5 Research question In conducting the research and based on the objectives above, there are several questions identified which are: 1. What are the major factor in managing cultural diversity among employees that give effect to the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area 2.What are the benefit in managing cultural diversity among employees that give effect to the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area 1. 6 Significance of the study This study contributes to the theoretical advancement in the field of hotel industry by empirically testing a structured model to managing cultural diversity among employees toward the effectiveness working environment in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area.This study can help the organization in managing cultural diversity that will enhance the company benefits in return such like higher productivity, lower employee turnover, better understanding of client, and enhanced corporate reputation (Employing a diverse workforce: making it work, 2008). By having strategic inclusion plan in work environment, this gives benefit to the employees. The diverse staf fs know they are valued and feel they belong.The staffs are more likely to feel that way when they are treated with respect the leader and their peers, given the chance to use their talents to the fullest and assured of equal opportunities to move ahead (Employing a diverse workforce: making it work, 2008). This study also can help university to expand the body of knowledge by providing some useful information regarding the cultural diversity management in working environment and the research from students can be as one of the sources and references for other students to conduct research or assignments. 1. 7 Study of framework Create an inclusive work environmentAvoid stereotyping Effectiveness working environment Managing cultural diversity Apply training program Communicating with staffs 1. 8 Outline The next chapter will be the second and third chapter of the research proposal. Chapter 2 will Start with the literature review of the four variables which is create an inclusive work environment, avoid stereotyping, apply training program and communicating with staffs. Chapter 3 will start with the process of conducting the research such as data collection method, research design, measurement of variable, sample frame, sample size, sampling techniques, and followed by data analysis techniques.CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW. 2. 0Introduction In this chapter will clarify about related theories from past researcher regarding this study. This study is explain about the literature review. It is also based on findings that are collected through journal, article and also website. 2. 1 Literature Review Literature review is process that involves the identification of published and unpublished work from secondary data sources on the topic interest, the evaluation of this work in relation to the problem and the documentation of this work.It also provides the foundation for developing a comprehensive theoretical framework. 2. 2 Stereotyping in Cultural Diversity. Stereotypes lead to assumptions and conclusions based on a person's race, gender or sexual preferences. Making these assumptions and conclusions then leads to discrimination. Stereotypes can be about race, religion, gender, age, disabilities, income, geographical locations. ( A. Sahar, 2011 ) . Stereotype threat refers to being at risk of confirming, as a self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's social group (Steele & Aronson, 1995).In general, the conditions that produce stereotype threat are ones in which a highlighted stereotype implicates the self though association with a relevant social category (Marx & Stapel, 2006; Marx, Stapel, & Muller, 2005). Stereotype also defined as a cognitive link between two social or personal concepts (e. g. , the Self, social groups, identities, attributes, traits, behaviors) that are not defining features for one another (Allport, 1954; Devine, 1989). For example, if dark skin is the defining feature for being Black, then the link between dark skin and the Black racial group is not a stereotype.But, a link between Black and poor is a stereotype, even if there is a correlational, causal, or cultural connection. Stereotyping is the application of a stereotype (Bodenhausen & Wyer, 1985; Devine, 1989; Hamilton & Sherman, 1994), inferring one characteristic (e. g. , worthless) from the other (e. g. , me). A stereotype can be almost any thought that oversimplifies a person or group, although will be focus primarily on negative, well-rehearsed, automatically activated stereotypes.There are several relevant characteristics of stereotypes to note: Stereotypes can be socially shared (i. e. , consensual, collective) or exist in the mind of only one person (i. e. , nonconsensual, individual; see Ashmore & Del Boca, 1979; Stangor & Schaller, 1996). Stereotypes can be based on a prominent group membership (e. g. , a woman stereotyping herself as nurturant because of her gender), based on a mundane characteristic (e. g. , someone stere otyping a man as Irish because he has red hair), or be unrelated to social group (e. . , a wife stereotyping her husband as lazy). Stereotypes can link people to characteristics that are negative (e. g. , criminal), neutral (e. g. , enjoys basketball), or positive (e. g. , good at math). Even positive stereotypes can have undesirable negative sequelae, because they set up unfair expectations (see shifting standards; Biernat & Vescio, 2002; McCabe & Brannon, 2004). 2. 3Create an inclusive work environment. INCLUSION: A PHILOSPHY WE BELIEVE IN â€Å"Our diversity mission is to be one company, one team, all-inclusive†¦It's about bringing out the best in each of us, so that we can achieve great things together. † It's about listening to the voices of our employees and partners to help shape our future. It is through this process that we set goals and develop a strategy that will hold us accountable for making Lockheed Martin a place of â€Å"institutionalized inclusion. â⠂¬  (Robert, 2012). The term inclusion is also used to describe the active, intentional, and ongoing engagement with diversity—in people, in the curriculum, in the co-curriculum, and in communities (intellectual, social, cultural, geographical).Inclusion describes the ways in which individuals might connect that increase one’s awareness, content knowledge, cognitive sophistication, and emphatic understanding of the complex ways individuals interact within systems and institutions. (www. aacu. org/inclusive_excellence/index. cfm). Diversity and inclusion is about creating a work force that represents the global communities in which we live and work and ensuring an environment in which every individual’s contributions are valued.A diverse and inclusive environment challenges our way of thinking by bringing together a variety of talents, backgrounds and experiences, and serves as a catalyst for new ideas and innovation. ( Conocco). 2. 4Applying training program. T o meet the cultural diversity challenges, companies in the hospitality industry must have sensitivity to differences (Clarke, 2007). Diversity training and education are necessary and essential to help companies in the industry to become competitive and successful (Christensen, 1993).The increased globalization of hospitality industry has made it necessary for international companies in the industry to work effectively in foreign environments. Diversity management training program such as cross-cultural training can help international managers to learn knowledge about different cultures and help them to develop skills of managing cultural diversity issues, which can therefore significantly reduce the potential costly failure caused by cultural difference problems (Caudron, 1991).For international hospitality companies, preparing current managers and future expatriate mangers with cross-cultural sensibilities is important. To diminish cultural barriers that managers of international hospitality companies may encounter in foreign countries, they will have to aware their own ethnocentric viewpoints and have the willingness to go beyond them and learn about a different cultural environment (Canen, 1999). The cross-cultural training section should be added into the training program to direct and help the trainees to understand the cultural expectations and their additional nonverbal behavioral manifestations.Diversity management training and multicultural education teach employees about various cultures. These training programs help to diminish stereotypes and allow trainees to see the cultural differences and the truth about other cultures. By the training, employees will show more respect to other people with different cultural backgrounds, and achieve more understanding of others’ beliefs and their traditions (Fernandez, Kleiner & Sturz, 2005).The training program emphasizes communication and educational training, which has positive impact to both minorit y and non-minority employees (Weaver & Wilborn, 2002). Since multicultural workforce includes every job position from the top management down to low-level employees (Elmuti, 2001), diversity management training should be conducted in all levels in the hospitality industry but not only in the entry-level or low-skilled level (Weaver & Wilborn, 2002). Say, specific training programs aiming at managing cultural diversity should be carefully designed, continually enforced, and gradually improved.Moreover, it cannot be ignored that for any training program that has the chance of long-term success, upper level management must be involved to ensure the implementation of diversity practices (Ahmed, 2006). 2. 5Communicating with staff. Different languages and various cultural backgrounds increase the difficulty of communication between employees in the workplaces. Language is always viewed as a crucial one among all the cultural features that make up cultural identity (Ganen, 1999).As Geert Hofstede, the famous writer of Culture’s Consequence, an influential book published since 1980, said in an interview, â€Å"I would say that understanding of other languages is almost a necessary, albeit insufficient, condition for the understanding of the phenomenon of culture (Powell, 2006, p. 13)†. Language differences often result in miscommunication. Rather than coming naturally, communication competence is a learned process like some other skills, which therefore increases the difficulty employees with different backgrounds to understand each other quickly and correctly.In addition, an intercultural communication may encounter more specific problems than a communication with one culture does. With different knowledge or experience, people in an intercultural communication have more difficulty to interpret others’ behavior, which increases their uncertainty of how other persons will respond to the communication (Baum et al, 2007). Employees of a company wit h diversity environment are therefore often poorly prepared to manage the high uncertainty experienced in intercultural communication.For example, an immigrant worker from Asia might be lack of knowledge or experience in dealing with a local American employee who was born and brought up in the United States. Different cultural backgrounds often engender misunderstanding when communication becomes unsuccessful or inefficient (Baum el al, 2007). Not only the workers, to effectively manage team members with diverse cultural backgrounds, line managers also need to be sensitive to the cultural differences that may affect the working relationship of employees.The ability to work effectively with people who have diverse backgrounds is one of the essential skills that hospitality managers require but may often lack (Baum, et al), which increases the possibility of miscommunication in the workplaces. Particularly, when individuals fail to conduct an effective cultural communication, they may feel themselves excluded. At the same time, some feelings may be provoked such as suspicion, lack of confidence, and even hostility. In many oversea properties of the international hospitality companies, problems causes by communication difficulty seem more prominent.Take the expatriate mangers for instance, communication difficulties can negatively influent their everyday life, which makes them unhappy with their current situation and prevents them from successfully adjusting to the host country and its culture. Obviously, proper cross-cultural training can help employees to cope with intercultural communication obstacle. For expatriate managers, effective communication helps them to become more efficient in the workplace, reduce their emotional stress, and ultimately aid them to complete the cultural adjustment successfully (Seymen, 2006).The following section will discuss more on methodology. At methodology researcher will highlight about the method that will be used to collect data. CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3. 0Introduction This chapter is exploring about the methodology of this research. It involves the process of conducting the research which is research design that consist of purpose of the study, types of investigation, study setting, unit of analysis, sampling design, data collection method, measurement and data analysis technique. 3. 1Purpose of study In this research, it falls under descriptive research.Descriptive research is undertaken in order to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of the variables of interest in a situation (Sekaran, 2010). Here, this study will try to determine and describe the major factor that influence effectiveness working environment among employees. It undertaken to understand whether managing cultural diversity among employees can create effectiveness working environment by apply training program, inclusive work environment, avoid stereotype and increase communicating skill among employees. . 2Type of inv estigation Correlation study involved in this study which is researcher interested in explaining the important variables associated with the problem. In this study researcher wants to investigate whether the independent variable have relationship with dependent variables. 3. 3Study Setting This study falls into non-contrived setting category. Non-contrived known as a research can be done in natural environment where work proceeds normally.Researchers do the research to know the effectiveness in managing cultural diversity among employees on the working performance by avoid stereotypes, give effective training program, inclusive working environment and lastly, communicating skills with staff. 3. 4Unit of analysis The unit of analysis refers to the level of aggregation of the data collected during the subsequent data analysis stage (Sekaran, 2010). Here the unit of analysis is an individual. The problem statement focuses in managing cultural diversity among employees, either it is eff ective or not.For this purpose, data will have to be collected from each individual staff member works in hotel industries in Malaysia through questionnaire answered by them. 3. 5Sampling Design Sampling is the process of selecting a sufficient number of the right elements from the population, so that a study of the sample and an understanding of its properties or characteristics make it possible for us to generalize such properties or characteristics to the population elements (Sekaran, 2010). 3. 5. 1PopulationAccording to Sekaran, (2010) population refers to the entire group of people, events or things of interest that the researcher wishes to investigate. In this study, the population is employees who worked in the hotel industry in Malaysia that focused on Kuala Lumpur area. The researchers want to select only from difference 3 types of hotels in Kuala Lumpur area that consists of 3, 4 and 5 Stars of hotel. 3. 5. 2Sample Size Sample is a subset of the population that compromise some members selected from it. It is not all but only some elements of the population from the sample (Sekaran, 2010).In this study, the sample size determined based on Uma Sekaran. Sample for this study are 60 employees in 3 hotels that we have been selected which mean 20 samples of employees from each of the hotel in Kuala Lumpur area. 3. 5. 3Sampling Techniques 3. 6 Data collection method 3. 7Research Instrument 3. 8Data analysis techniques This research will use one of the statistical analysis packages that are Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) to analyze the data will be collected from respondents. By using this software, it will help the researcher in determining the best statistical techniques. CONCLUSIONCultural diversity has become a hot-button issue when applied to the workplace (Kimberly Amadeo, 2012). What is cultural diversity in the workplace? Culture refers to the values, norms, and traditions that affect the way a member of a group typically perceives , thinks, interacts, behaves, and makes judgments (Richard T. Alpert, 1992). Diversity is generally defined as acknowledging, understanding, accepting, valuing, and celebrating differences among people with respect to ages, class, ethnicity, gender, physical and mental ability, race, sexual orientation, spiritual practice, and public assistance status (Esty, et al. 1995). Hence, cultural diversity is when differences in race, ethnicity, language, nationality, religion, and sexual orientation are represented within a community. A community is said to be culturally diverse if its residents include members of different groups. The community can be a country, region or city (Kimberly Amadeo, 2012). Literature reviews starting with create an inclusive work environment, avoid stereotyping, and apply training program and communicating with staffs for the effectiveness in working environment.In methodology section, it involves the process of conducting the research such as data collection m ethod, research design, measurement of variable, sample frame, sample size, sampling techniques, and followed by data analysis techniques. References 1. Gong, Yi. (2008). Managing cultural diversity in hospitality industry. University of Nevada, Las Vegas. 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